Myeloperoxidase: Expressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein released by leukocytes, is one of the most widely studied during the last decades molecule that plays a crucial role in inflammation and oxidative stress in the cellular level. It has become increasingly recognized that MPO performs a very important role as part of the innate immune system through the formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants, whilst it affects the arterial endothelium with a number of mechanisms that include modification of net cellular cholesterol flux and impairment of Nitric Oxide (NO)-induced vascular relaxation. In that way, MPO is implicated into both the formation and propagation of atheromatosis and there is substantial evidence that it also promotes ischemia through destabilization of the vulnerable plaque. Numerous studies have added information on the notion that MPO and its oxidant products are part of the inflammatory cascade initiated by endothelial injury and they are significantly overproduced at the site of arterial inflammation. Subsequent studies achieved quantification of this observation showing significant elevations of the systemic levels of MPO in a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disease scenarios with acute coronary syndromes and heart failure being the most studied. This review highlights key-aspects of MPO's pathophysiological properties and summarizes the role of MPO as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for a number of cardiovascular pathologies.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction

“…It plays a crucial role in inflammation and oxidative stress in the cellular level 62. Studies have shown that MPO is inferior to current biomarkers for diagnostic purposes, but elevated levels independently predict future risk of coronary artery disease in both patients with ACS and healthy individuals 63.…”

Orange juice intake during a fatty meal consumption reduces the postprandial low-grade inflammatory response in healthy subjects

“…Before fatty meal Previous studies have shown a protective effect of dietary-derived antioxidants on soluble markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, or lipid hydroperoxides and plasma antioxidant status [21][22][23][24].…”

Cardiovascular Biomarker Assessment Across Glycemic Status

“…This enzyme has been shown to correlate significantly with other established markers of inflammation, including IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and WBC [91]. The secretion of MPO does not require cellular necrosis or mechanical activation, suggesting that it may be detected earlier in the disease process [92]. This property of MPO makes it a promising sensitive maker of plaque instability and endothelial dysfunction.…”