Mycotoxins in soil and environment

Xenobiotic-induced ribosomal stress compromises dysbiotic gut barrier aging: A one health perspective

“…The molds colonize more than 60–70% of global agricultural commodities, including a variety of cereal-based foodstuffs and animal feed [ 4 , 5 ]. In addition to contaminating crops, DON is released into surface soil water and drainage systems and is a micropollutant in soil and aqueous environments [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. The aged hosts exhibit greater susceptibility to DON-induced disruption of the epithelial and mucosal barriers of the gut than that by young animals, which was concomitant with attenuation of Sek-1/p38-associated signaling during aging process.…”

“…In spite of the global translational arrest, the ribosome-inactivating stress (ribosomal stress) triggers the expression of genes important for cellular homeostasis, as well as those integral to a variety of pathogenic processes involved in cell death, inflammation, and other stress responses [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. In particular, humans are inevitably exposed to a specific ribotoxic (28S rRNA-damaging) stressor, deoxynivalenol (DON) which is the most frequently occurring mycotoxin in the global food and environmental systems [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. In addition to DON, other trichothecene mycotoxins, antibiotic anisomycin, and ribosome-inactivating proteins (including ricin, α-sarcin, restrictocin, and shiga toxins) interfere with peptidyl transferase activity by directly or indirectly modifying 28s rRNA at one site in the α-sarcin/ricin loop (A4256) or two other sites (A3560 and A4045) in the peptidyl transferase center [ [9] , [10] , [11] ].…”

T-2 toxin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization involving mutual regulation between Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy

“…Mycotoxin contamination of environment is a serious health risk that is receiving increasing attention throughout the world (Cao et al 2020;Juraschek et al 2022). T-2 toxin, the most toxic mycotoxin of A trichothecene mycotoxins, has attracted the most attention for the bone toxicity.…”

“…Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by different kinds of fungi and widely exist in soil, water source and various agro-environmental matrices (Cao et al 2022;Juraschek et al 2022). T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is the most frequently-detected mycotoxin contaminant in cereals, livestock feed and other agricultural products worldwide.…”

Chemical Contamination in Bread from Food Processing and Its Environmental Origin

“…MTs can be formed under different climatic conditions in the agroecosystem. They can be created directly on the growing crops or on remaining plant residues in the field and accumulated during harvesting and storing of the grain, as was reviewed previously [ 106 ]. In the book Nanomycotoxicology , the definition of MT was described, and it originated from the Greek terms “mykes” and “toxicum”, meaning fungus or mold and poison, respectively [ 107 ].…”