Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease

Deps, Patrícia Duarte; Collin, Simon M.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.698588

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Mycobacterium leprae was first described by Norwegian physician Dr Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen in 1874, while Mycobacterium lepromatosis was initially sequenced in 2008. 6 , 7 , 57 – 59 Both these bacteria have the functional capacity to cause leprosy, but are genetically dissimilar enough to be considered separate species. 6 , 59 Although leprosy was originally identified in the 19th century, historical records suggest that the pathogen has remained a global endemic disease for at least 3000 years.…”

Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 , 7 , 57 – 59 Both these bacteria have the functional capacity to cause leprosy, but are genetically dissimilar enough to be considered separate species. 6 , 59 Although leprosy was originally identified in the 19th century, historical records suggest that the pathogen has remained a global endemic disease for at least 3000 years. The pathogen rose to prominence in the 13th century as a consequence of urbanization and has since experienced a slow decline in prevalence.…”

Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

Klowak

Boggild

2022

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that continues to burden low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite being eliminated as a public health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000. The causative agents, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, affect nearly 200,000 individuals globally each year, with over 19,000 new cases detected in the Americas in 2020 alone. Canada has experienced an increasing incidence of leprosy, due to rising levels of travel and migration from endemic areas, reaching over 37,000 individuals with leprosy by the end of 2020. Patients experience a spectrum of signs and symptoms including hypopigmented cutaneous macules alongside peripheral neuropathy including peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) and disabling sensory neuropathies. Despite the development of effective and curative therapeutics via multidrug therapy (MDT), many barriers to treatment adherence and effective immunological control of the pathogen challenge the care of patients with leprosy. Socioeconomic barriers, such as disability-related social stigma and often undiagnosed nutritional deficiencies, have resulted in heightened disease severity. PNP therapeutics are associated with significant side effects and remain ineffective as the majority of individuals will not experience a greater than 30% reduction of symptoms. Nutrient supplementation is known to be instrumental in reducing host oxidative stress, strengthening the immune system and mitigating comorbidities. Likewise, dietary lifestyle interventions known to be physiologically beneficial have recently emerged as powerful tools conferring neuroprotective effects, potentially mitigating PNP severity. However, a significant knowledge gap concerning the effect of adequate nutrition on host immunological control of leprosy and PNP severity exists. Further evaluation of this relationship will provide key insight into the pathogenesis of leprosy, strengthening the current body of literature.

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Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

Klowak

Boggild

2022

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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“…After that, more and more patients were discovered. In a study conducted by Deps ( 5 ), more than 150 cases were reported worldwide, mainly from three endemic countries (Brazil, Philippines, and Myanmar) and three non-endemic countries (Mexico, Malaysia, and the USA). Notably, M. lepromatosis has also been reported in Colombia ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy during the period 2005–2020: A retrospective study based on the Chinese surveillance system

Jin²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundJiangsu Province is located in the Yangtze River Delta region, with a total area of 107,200 square kilometers. Since 1949, over 55,000 cases have been registered, with Taixing accounting for the highest number of patients. The proportion of new cases with MB and G2D was higher compared to other regions. As a result, Jiangsu has been considered a priority area for public health interventions in China.MethodsThis paper mainly described the population, time, and spatial distribution of the newly detected leprosy cases in Jiangsu Province between 2005 and 2020. In this study, all the data were entered into Microsoft Excel and SPSS for the descriptive analysis. ArcGIS was applied to create statistical maps, and Geoda was used to conduct spatial autocorrelation analysis with local Moran's I statistics (LISA). The epidemiological data were obtained from LEPMIS. In addition, population data were obtained from the Statistical Yearbook of Jiangsu Province.ResultsDuring the study period, 363 new cases were reported. Of these, 232 were men and 131 were women (1.77:1). The mean age at diagnosis was 60.56 years, and no adolescent cases were identified. Three hundred and twenty-seven (90.08%) were diagnosed with MB and 36 (9.92%) with PB. 31.68% (115/363) of the patients presented with G2D. Farmers accounted for 74.9%, and most cases were identified in skin clinics (248, 68.32%). We observed a decreasing trend in detection rate, with a higher concentration of new cases diagnosed between July and October. Spatial analysis showed that the new cases were primarily distributed in the northwest of Jiangsu province, and Suqian has the highest incidence of leprosy. Special attention should be paid to Wuzhong, a county with a potential risk of inter-provincial transmission. Furthermore, 55 new cases came from other Chinese provinces but lived in Jiangsu.ConclusionThe NCDR of leprosy decreased, but the new cases showed disabilities, a sign of the late diagnosis. The results indicated that some regions were still suffering from the burden of leprosy. Thus, we recommend that the government should adopt effective strategies to promote leprosy control. The main priorities for eliminating new cases were to provide sustainable financial support, improve the quality of clinical services, strengthen preventive intervention and rehabilitation services for disabilities, provide health education among high-risk populations, and explore new approaches.

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“…Leprosy is caused by an uncultivated pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis which primarily affect the skin, mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract, the peripheral nerves, eyes, and internal organs (1,2). It has a long incubation period which can take as long as 20 years or more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Diagnosis of Leprosy

Sharma¹,

Singh²

2022

Front. Trop. Dis

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Leprosy is a public health issue, and early detection is critical to avert disability. Despite the global attempt to eradicate this disease as a public health problem, it remains an important cause of global neurological disability. India, Brazil and Indonesia share more than 70% of the cases. The reduction of new cases is a priority in the WHO global strategy 2021-2030 which aims to reduce disease transmission in the community by diagnosing cases and identifying subclinical infection. The clinical manifestations of leprosy range from a few to several lesions. The identification remains difficult due to the limited sensitivity of traditional approaches based on bacillary counts of skin smears and histology. To aid in the diagnosis of this disease, molecular biology, and biotechnological technologies have been applied, each with its own set of benefits and downsides despite providing an essential tool to validate the clinical diagnosis of leprosy. Because of this, it is strongly recognized that specific, inexpensive point of care technologies should be developed, particularly to identify asymptomatic M. leprae infections or leprosy nearer to the suspected cases seeking medical attention. Thus, this review will provide an overview of the advancements in leprosy diagnosis over the world. The purpose of this review is to improve our understanding of the outcomes of current tests and technologies used in leprosy diagnosis and to emphasize critical aspects concerning the detection of leprosy bacilli.

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Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

A review of nutrition in neuropathic pain of leprosy

Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy during the period 2005–2020: A retrospective study based on the Chinese surveillance system

Advances in the Diagnosis of Leprosy

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