MXenes as Emerging Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Abstract

Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure–property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.

Application Prospects of MXenes Materials Modifications for Sensors

“…Raw materials, the MAX phase, etching, and delamination techniques are responsible for controlling the intriguing features of MXenes, such as their magnetic, electrical, physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, redox, and surface capabilities. Additionally, by adjusting the composition, choosing different X and M elements, and modifying the surface terminal’s functions, the properties of MXenes can be altered for the right applications [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Role of MXenes in advancing soft robotics

“…93 Other techniques, such as hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition techniques, have also been reported. 93,94 The fabrication of MXenes and their composites can be challenging due to the requirement for selective etching of the ''A'' layers and the optimization of the reaction conditions. In addition, the type of intercalant used can affect the final product, and the strategies depend on the etching technique and processing as well as the required concentration of the MXene colloidal solution.…”

Mo2CTxMXene supported nickel-iron alloy: an efficient and stable heterostructure to boost oxygen evolution reaction

“…Two dimensional carbides called MXene have recently attracted much attention as substrates for the deposition of OER active phases [32][33][34][35]. MXene sheets, with a general formula of M n+1 X n T x , are obtained from MAX phases (formula : M n+1 AX n , with M a transition metal, A generally an element from the 13 th or 14 th column of the periodic table and X corresponds to carbon and/or nitrogen) by exfoliation of the A element and then delamination [36][37][38][39][40]. The delaminated MXenes present high specific surface areas and electronic conductivity, as well as hydrophilic properties.…”