Reversible structural transition between the Large (LP) and Narrow Pore (NP) forms (breathing phenomena) of the MIL-53(X, X = Al, Cr, Fe, Ga) Metal Organic Framework (MOF) is probably one of the most amazing physical properties of this class of soft-porous materials. Whereas great attention has been paid to the elucidation of the physical mechanism ruling this reversible transition, the effect of the functionalization on the flexibility has been less explored. Among functionalized MIL-53(Al) materials, the case of NH2-MIL-53(Al) is undoubtedly a very intriguing structural transition rarely observed, and the steadier phase corresponds to the narrow pore form. In this work, the flexibility of the NH2-MIL-53(Al) metal organic framework was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Guest (methanol) and thermal breathing of the NH2-MIL-53(Al) was thus explored. We show that it is possible to trigger a reversible transition between NP and LP forms upon adsorption, and we highlight the existence of stable intermediate forms and a very large pore phase. Furthermore, the NP form is found thermodynamically stable from 240 to 400 K, which is the result of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

Dynamics of confined molecules within porous materials is equally important as local structural order, and it is necessary to quantify it and to reveal the microscopic mechanisms ruling it for better control of adsorption applications. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the translational and the rotational dynamics of methanol trapped into the flexible NH2-MIL-53­(Al) metal–organics framework (MOF). Indeed, atomistic simulation is nowadays a relevant tool to explore matter at the nanoscale. Very recently it has been shown that the NH2-MIL-53­(Al) MOF material was capable to undergo a reversible structural transition (breathing phenomenon) by combining adsorption and thermal stimuli. This flexibility can drastically affect the dynamics of confined molecules and therefore the successful conduct of adsorption applications such as gas storage and separation. Rotational and translational dynamics of confined methanol through nanoporous flexible NH2-MIL-53­(Al) MOF were then deeply investigated by exploring a broad range of dynamical properties to extract the molecular mechanisms ruling them. This study allowed us to shed light on the interplay of dynamics of confined fluids and flexibility of porous material and to highlight the physical insights in diffusion mechanisms of confined molecules. Anomalous translational diffusion was evidenced due to a dynamical heterogeneity caused by a combination of a localized dynamics at the subnanometric scale and translational jumps between nanodomains in a zigzag scheme between the hydroxide group of the NH2-MIL-53­(Al). Actually, the non-Fickian dynamics of methanol is the result of the specific host–guest interactions and the MOF flexibility involving the pore opening. Eventually, decoupling between both rotational and translational dynamics related to breaking in the Stokes–Einstein relation was highlighted.

A polyol-assisted solvothermal route is used to synthesize NixFey nanoalloys supported on a highly electron conductive 2D transition metal Mo2CTx MXene. Structural, morphological and chemical characteristics of the materials are determined using several physicochemical techniques. The MXene support allows not only the formation of a nanostructured metallic NixFey nanoalloys, but also favors the interfacial charge transfer for the OER. The NixFey@Mo2CTx material with a Ni/Fe ratio of 2.66 leads to the outstanding activity for the OER with an amazingly low Tafel slope value of 34 mV dec-1 and a current density of 10 mA.cm-2 at a potential of only 1.50 V vs. RHE. In situ Raman experiments show that β-NiOOH formed by oxidation of the nanoalloys under positive scan, likely containing a very small amount of Fe, is the active phase for the OER. This material exhibits also an excellent stability over 168 h in a 5 M KOH electrolyte. TEM-EELS analyses after 100 voltammetric cycles between 0.2 to 1.55 V vs. RHE evidence for the first time that the MXene support is not fully oxidized in the first cycle. Also, oxyhydroxide layer formed in the OER potential region at the surface of the NixFey nanoparticles can be reversibly reduced.

We carried out a detailed investigation of the local ordering and dynamics of the lithium intercalation in paramagnetic LixVOPO4.2H2O (with 0 < x ≤ 1) materials. This question was addressed using a combination of X-ray diffraction, 31 P and 7 Li MAS NMR experiments. We first studied the structure of the fully ordered end-member of the series, Li1VOPO4.2H2O, revisiting the X-ray single crystal diffraction data on the basis of the information provided by 31 P MAS NMR. We then carried out 7 Li MAS and exchange NMR experiments and 31 P MAS experiments on the polycrystalline powders obtained after partial lithium insertion in VOPO4.2H2O phases. These experiments evidenced an unexpected ageing of the material related with lithium dynamics between the VOPO4 layers and a V 4+ /V 5+ charge ordering mechanism within the layers.