Application Prospects of MXenes Materials Modifications for Sensors

Abstract

The first two-dimensional (2D) substance sparked a boom in research since this type of material showed potential promise for applications in field sensors. A class of 2D transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides are referred to as MXenes. Following the 2011 synthesis of Ti3C2 from Ti3AlC2, much research has been published. Since these materials have several advantages over conventional 2D materials, they have been extensively researched, synthesized, and studied by many research organizations. To give readers a general understanding of these well-liked materials, this review examines the structures of MXenes, discusses various synthesis procedures, and analyzes physicochemistry properties, particularly optical, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties. The focus of this review is the analysis of modern advancements in the development of MXene-based sensors, including electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, optical sensors, and wearable sensors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further study on the creation of MXenes-based sensors are discussed.

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…96 Recently, Tran et al examined the structures of MXenes, discussed various synthesis procedures, and analyzed physicochemical properties, particularly optical, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties for electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, optical sensors, and wearable sensors. 97 In their review, Pang et al categorized sensors into ''anthropomorphic'' senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, space, and balance. They also reviewed actuators designed for stimulating muscles, which employ MXene-based films or membranes in combination with other functional materials.…”

Advancements in MXene-based composites for electronic skins

“…Surface modifications, such as coatings or functionalization, can be applied to MXene materials to make them more resistant to biofouling. 48,49 These modifications can create a barrier that prevents the adhesion of biological substances or facilitates their easy removal. Besides, incorporating antimicrobial agents or designing self-cleaning mechanisms can help reduce biofouling effects in MXene-based wearable electronics.…”

“…47,50 By improving material properties, optimizing device designs, and implementing appropriate protective measures, the impact of these issues can be minimized, ensuring the long-term performance and reliability of MXene-based wearable electronics. 49,50 2.2.5. Integration with other materials.…”

“…MXene-based E-skins can be incorporated into wearable gloves or suits, allowing for precise tracking of hand and body movements, enhancing the level of immersion and control in virtual reality and gaming applications. 49 In addition, wearable strain sensors are increasingly employed in human–machine interfaces for monitoring full-body motion and detecting changes in joint and muscle strain. However, many existing wearable devices lack customization options to match sensor characteristics with specific deformation ranges of joints and muscles, leading to suboptimal performance.…”

Metal–Organic Frameworks-Derived Material for Electrochemical Biosensors: Recent Applications and Prospects

“…In recent times, there was a surge of interest in metal-organic framework (MOF) applications for electrochemistry as in the storage of energy conversion, − smart responsive materials, electrocatalytic conversion, environment treatment, − and biological detection, besides the traditional materials. − MOFs were intensively investigated since they are promising materials for supercapacitors and batteries, due to their varying porosity structure, changeable redox characteristics, and advantageous charge storage and transport capacities. Along with electrochemistry catalysts for the reduction of oxygen and CO 2 , the evolution of oxygen, and the evolution of hydrogen, MOFs with numerous metal active sites, and quick mass transfer have been employed. , MOFs incorporating redox-active molecules may exhibit quick and reversible electrochromic activity, which has substantial implications for smart devices .…”