MXene-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Agricultural and Food Systems

Abstract

MXene is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial that exhibits several superior properties suitable for fabricating biosensors. Likewise, the nucleic acid (NA) in oligomerization forms possesses highly specific biorecognition ability and other features amenable to biosensing. Hence the combined use of MXene and NA is becoming increasingly common in biosensor design and development. In this review, MXene- and NA-based biosensors are discussed in terms of their sensing mechanisms and fabrication details. MXenes are introduced from their definition and synthesis process to their characterization followed by their use in NA-mediated biosensor fabrication. The emphasis is placed on the detection of various targets relevant to agricultural and food systems, including microbial pathogens, chemical toxicants, heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are presented with an eye toward the development of advanced biosensors with improved detection performance.

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…100 Kalambate et al reviewed the progress of electrochemical (bio) sensors for the detection of biomarkers, pharmaceutical drugs, and environmental contaminants, including how the synthetic strategies and surface functionalization affect various properties of MXenes. 101 Many other excellent recent reviews of MXene-based sensors are also available, [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] and this work provides updates through 2023.…”

Review—Fundamentals to Applications of MXenes for Biosensing

“…Moreover, the numerous amount of various atoms and functional groups extending from the surface of MXenes nanosheets develop strong bonding with nucleic acids through electrostatic force, van der waals attraction and hydrogen bonding, making it an excellent platform for biosensing activity. 132,133 DNA sequence recognition is one of the significant biomarker in environmental and feed analysis sectors along with clinical examination. Wang and his team fabricated a nano biosensor for detection of mycotoxin namely gliotoxin secreted by fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, which is highly toxic to animals and human beings.…”

Nanoengineering of MXene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Gas Sensors: Advancements in Next-Generation Electronic Devices

“…By combining their versatility and sensitivity, MXene-based sensors could help provide rapid, in-field detection of trace contaminants to improve food safety. 138 Agriculture.-MXene has recently received interest in drug delivery and biomedicine fields due to its exceptional adsorption capabilities, biocompatibility and water solubility. [139][140][141][142] As discussed previously, MXene-based nanocarriers show promise for targeted drug delivery.…”