Musgos (Bryophyta) da microrregião do Salgado Paraense e sua utilização como possíveis indicadores de ambientes perturbados

Abstract

RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo dos musgos ocorrentes em diferentes ecossistemas da microrregião do Salgado Paraense, visando determinar a riqueza, registrar os tipos de ecossistemas e substratos de ocorrência das espécies, identificar algumas destas como indicadoras de ambientes perturbados e ampliar o conhecimento da brioflora do estado do Pará. Foram registradas 38 espécies de musgos, distribuídas em 21 gêneros e 11 famílias. A riqueza de espécies foi relativamente baixa, levando-se em consideração a grande quantidade de amostras analisadas (558). Calymperes afzelii, C. erosum, C. lonchophyllum, C. palisotii, Octoblepharum albidum var. albidum, O. pulvinatum, Sematophyllum subsimplex, Splacnobryum obtusum e Taxithelium planum foram as que apresentaram melhor adaptação a condições adversas. Sugere-se que estas espécies podem ser potencialmente utilizadas como indicadoras de ambientes perturbados. Entretanto, todas as espécies ocorrentes nos oito municípios desta microrregião estão adaptadas a um complexo de fatores ambientais e encontram as condições necessárias e favoráveis à sua manutenção e reprodução.

Bryoflora of the municipalities of Soure and Cachoeira do Arari, on Marajó Island, in the state of Pará, Brazil

“…In a study conducted in municipalities of northeastern Pará, Santos & Lisboa (2003) observed that secondary vegetation was one of the environments that presented the highest numbers of records (131) and species (35). In a subsequent study, also conducted in northeastern Pará (Santos & Lisboa 2008), the authors again observed that secondary vegetation presented high numbers of records (336) and species richness (31), as in the present study.…”

Bryophytes in fragments of Terra Firme forest on the great curve of the Xingu River, Pará state, Brazil 1 Part of Master's Dissertation of the first author.

“…The genera Lejeunea, Cheilolejeunea, Ceratolejeunea, Fissidens, Calymperes and Syrrhopodon are often the most representative in Pará (Santos and Lisboa, 2008;Moraes and Lisboa, 2009;Brito and Ilkiu-Borges, 2013;Moura et al, 2013), and therefore this result was also predictable.…”

“…Among the most occurring species, Calymperes erosum is considered quite tolerant, and may be potentially indicative of disturbed habitats (Santos and Lisboa, 2008), other species such as Octoblepharum albidum, Taxitelium planum, Sematophyllum subsimplex and Calymperes palisotii which also occurred in the region of the great curve of the Xingu River were considered as indicators of disturbed habitats by Lisboa and Ilkiu-Borges (1995).…”

“…Leucobryum martianum, Lepidopilum surinamense and L. scabrisetum are characteristic epiphytes of humid tropical forest Santos and Lisboa, 2008;Moraes and Lisboa, 2009;Moura et al, 2013), and the later one seems to be confined to this type of environment (Florschütz-de Waard, 1986). In Pará, only L. surinamense was found in canga vegetation, an open and dry environment (Moraes and Lisboa, 2006).…”

“…Studies on bryophytes in the state of Pará were performed in different forest formations and various parts of the state as in the surroundings of the Lake Tucuruí (Ilkiu-Borges et al, 2004;Garcia et al, 2014), Serra dos Carajás (Moraes and Lisboa, 2006), Caxiuanã (Alvarenga and Lisboa, 2009;, metropolitan region of Belém (Lisboa and Ilkiu-Borges, 1995;Moura et al, 2013), Marajó Island (Lisboa et al, 1999;Brito and Ilkiu-Borges, 2013) and northeastern Pará (Santos and Lisboa, 2008;Lisboa and Tavares, 2008;Tavares-Martins et al, 2014). In the southwestern state, it is recorded only the inventory held by Lisboa and Ilkiu-Borges (2001) in São Luiz do Tapajós, in the municipality of Itaituba.…”