Bryophytes in fragments of Terra Firme forest on the great curve of the Xingu River, Pará state, Brazil 1 Part of Master's Dissertation of the first author.

Abstract

Microclimatic conditions of tropical forest favour the high richness of bryophytes, which by being sensitive to environmental changes, are important indicators of habitat conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the richness and species composition of the bryophyte flora in fragments of terra firme forest on the great curve of the Xingu River, Pará state, Brazil. The collections were made in August and September 2012 in 14 fragments, in which were installed two plots per fragment, one at the edge and one inside, measuring 10 × 10 m each. The results showed 77 species in 45 genera and 18 families. Lejeunea setiloba Spruce and Marchesinia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. are new records for Pará state. The richness families in this study were the ones typically found in tropical forest surveys. A high richness of rare species in comparison to common ones, a pattern usually observed for plants in tropical forests was not reported in this study, probably due to historical fragmentation and disturbance in the area. The richness and species composition were determined mainly by the physiognomic characteristics of the studied forest fragments.Keywords: brioflora, Amazonian flora, liverworts, mosses. Briófitas em fragmentos florestais de terra firme na região daVolta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brasil ResumoAs condições microclimáticas das florestas tropicais favorecem elevada riqueza de briófitas, que por serem sensíveis às alterações ambientais, são importantes indicadoras das condições dos habitats. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a riqueza e a composição florística da brioflora de fragmentos florestais de terra firme na região da Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em Agosto e Setembro de 2012, em 14 fragmentos e em cada um destes foram plotadas duas parcelas, uma na borda e outra no interior, medindo 10 × 10 m (cada). Foram registradas 77 espécies, distribuídas em 45 gêneros e 18 famílias. Lejeunea setiloba Spruce e Marchesinia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. são novos registros para o Pará. As famílias mais ricas neste estudo foram aquelas tipicamente encontradas em levantamentos em florestas tropicais. A elevada riqueza de espécies raras em comparação às comuns, padrão comumente reportado para plantas em florestas tropicais, não foi observada, provavelmente devido ao histórico de fragmentação e distúrbios na área de estudo. A riqueza e a composição de espécies foram determinadas principalmente pelas características fisionômicas dos fragmentos estudados.Palavras-chave: brioflora, flora da Amazônia, hepáticas, musgos.

Species richness and composition of epiphytic bryophytes in flooded forests of Caxiuanã National Forest, Eastern Amazon, Brazil

“…This family experienced recent periods of rapid diversification coinciding with the rise of the angiosperms in the Cretaceous (Feldberg et al 2014, Bechteler et al 2016, providing a wide morphological variation that allows them to develop in different environments, especially in tropical forests representing up to 70% of the bryoflora (Gradstein 1979, 1994, 1997, Gradstein et al 2001. Calymperaceae and Sematophyllaceae appear as most predominant among moss families in tropical rainforests, which coincide with the statement of Gradstein et al (2001), and corroborate with further results from studies performed in the Amazon region (Lisboa et al 1998, 1999, Santos and Lisboa 2003, Mota-de-Oliveira et al 2009, Mota-de-Oliveira and ter Steege 2013, Brito and Ilkiu-Borges 2014, Garcia et al 2014, TavaresMartins et al 2014, Pantoja et al 2015.…”

“…The epiphytic bryoflora found in floodable forests in Caxiuanã National Forest in this study did not differ in species composition from other studies conducted in different forest types the Amazon region (Alvarenga and Lisboa 2009, Garcia et al 2014, Pantoja et al 2015.…”

“…This has been a frequent result in studies with bryophytes performed in tropical forests in South America (Cornelissen and Gradstein 1990, Acebey et al 2003, Gradstein and Costa 2003, Campelo and Pôrto 2007, Mota-deOliveira et al 2009, Brito and Ilkiu-Borges 2014, Garcia et al 2014, Pantoja et al 2015, Oliveira and Mota-de-Oliveira 2016. This family experienced recent periods of rapid diversification coinciding with the rise of the angiosperms in the Cretaceous (Feldberg et al 2014, Bechteler et al 2016, providing a wide morphological variation that allows them to develop in different environments, especially in tropical forests representing up to 70% of the bryoflora (Gradstein 1979, 1994, 1997, Gradstein et al 2001.…”

Herbaria as Patrimony: The Contribution of the MFS Collection in the Conservation of Amazonian Biodiversity

“…The collection is important in the support of taxonomic studies and richness analyses of the Amazonian bryoflora and contributes to ecosystem, microbiota and environmental impact analyses, as reported by Garcia et al (2014) and Pantoja et al (2015). Initiated in 2013, based on a partnership with the bryology group at Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and researchers at the Universidade do Estado do Pará, this collection has a significant number of species and is growing based on new collections made by students with fellowships for MFS research projects.…”

Contribuição ao conhecimento de Byttneria seção Vahihara (Malvaceae) para o estado do Pará, Brasil

“…No Pará, uma das áreas que necessitam de maior atenção quanto ao conhecimento de sua flora é a região da Volta Grande do rio Xingu, a qual vem passando por consideráveis mudanças na sua cobertura vegetal original devido principalmente à forte ação antrópica presente na zona de influência da rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230) e com a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte (Salomão et al 2007;Carneiro-Silva et al 2015;Koch et al 2015;Pantoja et al 2015).…”