Musculus Extensor Digiti Medii Proprius and Musculus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Manus – A Case Report of a Rare Variation

Cıgalı, Bülent Sabri; Kutoğlu, Tunç; Çikmaz, Selman

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00365.x

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some variant muscles on the dorsum of the forearm and hand, such as the extensor indicis proprius (EIP) (von Schroeder and Botte, 1995;Tan and Smith, 1998), extensor medii proprius (EMP) (von Schroeder and Bottle, 1991;Khaledpour and Schindelmeiser, 1993;Cigali et al, 2002), extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) (Ogura et al, 1987;Khaledpour and Schindelmeiser, 1993;Cigali et al, 2002), and extensor pollicis et indicis accessorius (EPI) (Komiyama et al, 1999), have been described in detail by many authors. Nevertheless, the extensor indicis et medii communis (EIMC), which originates from the distal third of the ulna with two tendons insert into the index and long fingers, has not been reported in recent studies, except the articles of von Botte (1991, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extensor indicis et medii communis

et al. 2005

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The aim of this study was to examine the existence of the extensor indicis et medii communis in detail. Thirty-one randomly selected adult cadavers (62 upper extremities) were examined for this project (22 males and 9 females between the ages 38 and 87). The muscle was observed in 3 of 62 hands, an incidence of 4.8%. One was in the right and the other two were in the left hands. Mean length and width of the muscle belly were 4.5 +/- 0.8 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. Although the muscle did not have a junctura tendinum attachment between its two tendons, in one hand, the tendon to the index finger gave a thin slip to the tendon of the extensor digitorum communis for the same finger. Knowledge of variant muscle may be important when one is assessing the traumatized or diseased hand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extensor indicis et medii communis

et al. 2005

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“…Previous investigators have reported its prevalence ranging from 1% to 12% of cadavers. 2,[4][5][6][7][8]10 The current report shows the prevalence is at the middle of this range (7.4%). A higher incidence is reported by von Schroeder and Botte, 4 with a 12% prevalence of the EDM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8]10 According to Abu-Hijleh, "No clinical or surgical cases of such occurrence have been reported and therefore it is doubtful whether an accurate estimate of the prevalence of EDM can be made." 2 However, Pfeiffer 11 discovered an EDM while operating on the hand of a 28-year-old patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,6 The EDM appears to cause extension of the middle finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint when its tendon is pulled. Some authors reported the nerve supply to the EDM arising from the deep branch of the radial nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] The purpose of this study is to report the presence of the EDM in cadavers in the anatomy dissection laboratory and to ascertain their frequency, bilaterality, innervation, and sex differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Carlos

Goubran

Ayad

2011

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: This study reports the presence of the extensor digiti medii muscle (EDM) in a population of cadavers dissected by students at a chiropractic college anatomy laboratory and determines its frequency, bilaterality, innervation, and sex differences. Methods: Dissection of upper extremities of 47 human cadavers (24 males, 23 females) was conducted. Both upper extremities were examined for bilaterality. The long extensor tendons were exposed, separated, and cut to expose the EDM. Identifying the innervation of the variant muscle was attempted. The specimens were then photographed. Results: In this report, the prevalence of EDM is at 7.4%. The EDM was discovered in 5 male cadavers and 1 female cadaver (5:1 ratio). It also revealed that the EDM was prevalent on the left forearm than on the right forearm at a ratio of 5:2. Out of the 47 cadavers studied in this report, only one was observed to have EDM bilaterally (2.1%). In 2 cadavers, the EDM appeared to be supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve. The branch piercing through the extensor indicis muscle continued to give off a small branch entering the belly of the EDM. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this report support previous observations regarding its prevalence in males more than females. The report also shows that the EDM occurs more in the left forearm than the right forearm as opposed to other reports of equal incidence between left and right forearms. This report also supports one previous study showing that the posterior interosseous nerve innervates the EDM.

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The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

et al. 2008

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To lead a quality life, tendon repair must be performed in a trauma causing damage to the extensor tendon of the hand. The aim of this study is to study the structures that can be used as donor tendons. Fifty-four dissected adult hands were examined to study the pattern of the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand. The most common distribution patterns of the extensor tendons of the fingers were as follows: a single extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon which inserted ulnar to the extensor digitorum (ED)-index; a single ED-index; a single ED-middle; a single ED-ring; an absent ED-little; a double extensor digiti minimi (EDM), and a single ED-ring to the little finger. The frequency of the number of tendons is as follows: a single (87.03%) EIP, a single ED-index (100%), a single (92.6%) ED-middle, a single (75.9%) ED-ring, and an absent (68.5%) or a single (24.1%) ED-little. A double (88.9%) EDM tendons were seen. The thickest type of juncturae tendinum (JT) is found primarily between the ring and little fingers (90%). Suitable excessive tendon and the thickest JT as donor tendon were found in the fourth intermetacarpal space. The present findings, especially the fourth intermetacarpal space, may explain why incisions on the dorsum of the hand should be large and performed with particular care. It is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the arrangements of the multiple extensor muscles and their junctural connections of the hand when tenoplasty or tendon transfer is required.

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Musculus Extensor Digiti Medii Proprius and Musculus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Manus – A Case Report of a Rare Variation

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

The extensor indicis et medii communis

The extensor indicis et medii communis

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

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