The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

Çelik, Servet; Bilge, Okan; Pınar, Yelda; Gövsa, Figen

doi:10.1002/ca.20710

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Celik S et al [12] reported single tendon to middle finger in 92.6%.Contrary to this in our study, ED to middle finger existed singly in 58.6%, double tendon in 25.7% and triple tendons in 15.7% specimen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…The types of JT were reported by many authors [ Table.4]. Celik S et al [12] reported thickest type of JT between ring and little finger in 90% of specimens. Govsa et al [18] stated that the thickest type of intertendinous connection in 4 th IMCS was seen in 90% of specimens and also the 4 th IMCS tendons have greatest tendon length and therefore it is a suitable donor graft tissue for local tendon repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Celik S et al [12] reported single tendon of ED to index finger in 100% of specimens. Palatty [13] reported that the ED to index finger was absent in 2%, single in 90% double and triple together in 8%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Palatty [13] stated that the tendon to little finger was single in 22%, double in 20% and absent in 58%. Celik S et al [12] stated that ED has single tendon to little finger in 24.1% and absent in 68.5%. Gonzalez MH et al [15] had reported that in a study of fifty hands three hands lacked both extensor digitorum communis and juncturae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

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Study of extensor tendons in forearm, dorsum of hand and their intertendinous connections was conducted in 70 upper limbs (35 right and 35 left) from Govt. Thoothukudi Medical College, Tamilnadu, India. Variations in the extensor tendons of fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum were analyzed. The arrangement of extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were traced up to base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion at the level of proximal as well as base of phalanx, they were found to be single or doubled. Extensor indicis were single tendon in most of the specimens. The extensor digitorum gave off single tendon to the index finger, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. The extensor digiti minimi often had single or double tendon to the little finger distal to extensor retinaculum, in those cases contribution from the extensor digitorum tendon slip to the little finger were absent. Three types of juncturae tendinum were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th inter metacarpal spaces of hands. The extensor indicis tendon was always observed to lack juncturae tendinum. Type I juncturae tendinum was seen in the 1 st inter metacarpal space. Type II was seen in the 3 rd intermetacarpal space. Type III was identified in the 4 th intermetacarpal space. Knowledge of these variations may help surgeons while performing tendon repair or transfer. Surgeons should keep in mind about the existence of these variations for better diagnosis and reconstructive procedures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

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“…Developmental defect in different stages of gestation is one of the reasons of the anatomical variations. Besides, various changes of extensor limb myotomes involved in the transformation of the somatic layer of lateral mesoderm; such as regression, retention, or reappearance may be the cause of variations of the tendons (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic Variations of the Hand Extensor Muscle Tendons

2017

GMJ

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Variations of muscles on the dorsal aspect of the forearm are seen very common. These variations can be symptomatic but generally they are diagnosed incidentally. On the posterior compartment of forearm, extensor carpi radialis brevis related to abduction of the wrist and extensor digitorum related to extension of the wrist and fingers. This case report showed rare variations of extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum muscles. During routine dissections of the extensor compartment of the forearm for anatomy education, it was observed that extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle had an accessory head which attached to dorsum and proximal phalanx of the index finger. Besides, it was found that extensor digitorum muscle divided into three tendons distally. When we followed these tendons, it was observed that tendon of index finger was absent and other three tendons went to middle, ring and little fingers. Accessory muscles located on the extensor compartment of the forearm are seen common. They can be reason of the symptoms of the nerve entrapment. Besides, these unusual muscles may confuse radiologists, surgeons and anatomists. In order to prevent diagnostic errors and avoid surgical complications, these anatomical variations should be well-known.

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Tendon impingement of the extensor digiti minimi: Clinical cases series and cadaveric study

et al. 2011

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The authors describe two unique clinical cases of closed extensor digiti minimi (EDM) tendon injuries after hyperflexion of the wrist with full finger flexion and one case of chronic tenosynovitis around the EDM tendon. All three cases were thought to be related to the bifurcation of the EDM tendon and synovial septum. Subsequently, variations in EDM tendons were investigated in 49 cadaveric hands with a focus on patterns of tendon bifurcation and their relationships with the surrounding synovial sheath. The EDM tendon was found to be bifurcated in 74% (n = 36) of hands and all of these hands contained a synovial septum. In 9 (25%) hands, the EDM tendon bifurcated proximal to the retinaculum, in 15 (42%), it bifurcated distal to the retinaculum, and in the other 12 hands (33%), the tendon bifurcated at the retinacular level. In 6 of the 15 hands with an infraretinacular bifurcation, the tendon was found to impinge on the synovial septum during passive flexion of the wrist with full finger flexion, and the mean distance between the synovial septum and the bifurcation point in these specimens was 0.6 cm (range, 0.4-0.7 cm), which was differed significantly from hands not showing impingement (P = 0.01). This study shows that distal bifurcation of the EDM tendon may lead to tendon impingement on the septum and suggests that this is a potential etiology of chronic tenosynovitis of the fifth compartment and of acute closed tendon injuries.

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The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

Anatomic Variations of the Hand Extensor Muscle Tendons

Tendon impingement of the extensor digiti minimi: Clinical cases series and cadaveric study

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