Muscadine grape seed oil as a novel source of tocotrienols to reduce adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation

Zhao, Lu; Yağız, Yavuz; Xu, Changmou; Jiang, Lu; Chung, Soonkyu; Marshall, Maurice R.

doi:10.1039/c5fo00261c

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…PPARγ can stimulate the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes and is closely related to adipogenesis in mature adipocytes. 7 The beneficial role of PPARγ in regulation immunity was summarized by Samuel Philip Nobs, 8 Chung, 9 Abdelrahman, 10 Giaginis 11 and Staels. 12 PPARγ inhibits pro-inflammatory responses by macrophages, DCs, and T cells.…”

Section: Fun C Ti On and Cellul Ar Role S Of Ppa Rγmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases

Guo

2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.

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Section: Fun C Ti On and Cellul Ar Role S Of Ppa Rγmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases

Guo

2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…The anti-inflammatory activities of T3 were well-reported from in vitro studies [311][312][313][314][315][316][317], obese animals [315][316][317], diabetic animals [318,319], and patients with diabetes [320,321]. The effect of T3 on the obese population remains unknown.…”

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Obesity Diabetes and Their Complmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of T3 on the obese population remains unknown. T3 from rice bran extracts [314], muscadine grape seed oil [317], TRF [317,319], annatto oil [313], and purified γT3 [311,315,316,318] were reported to suppress the release and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins β, leptin hormone, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS, and MCP-1. In addition, annatto oil T3 mixture upregulated IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) mRNA level in the adipose tissue of obese C57BL/6J mice [313].…”

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Obesity Diabetes and Their Complmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

et al. 2020

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Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 2 of 84 Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 4 of 84 the order δ > γ > β > α [45]. Using HepG2 cells, γT3 was shown to stimulate apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) degradation by decreasing its translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. This action eventually caused a reduction in the number of Apo-B in lipoprotein particles [46]. Other reports showed that γT3 and δT3 had the potential to reduce the hepatic TG synthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion by suppressing expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, particularly the TG, cholesterol, and VLDL biosynthesis. Moreover, δT3 also promoted the efflux of LDL through LDL receptor expression [47]. A summary of the literature on effect of T3 supplementation on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic model in vitro is shown in Table 1.Animal models of dyslipidemia have been used to investigate the effects of T3 on lipid profile. Several animals have been tested, including chicken, swine and rodents (rats, hamsters, guinea pigs). In chickens fed with a varying level of αTF and γT3, Qureshi et al. (1996) showed that αTF enhanced the inhibition of HMGCR by γT3. They further stipulated that the vitamin E mixture should contain 15-20% of αTF and approximately 60% of γT3 or δT3 for optimal anti-cholesterol effects [48]. In the subsequent study, demonstrated that combination of 50 ppm T3-rich fraction (TRF) and 50 ppm lovastatin was more effective in suppressing HMGCR activity compared to lovastatin alone in chickens. The combination also reduced serum TC and LDL-C, TG, Apo-B, thromboxane B 2 , and platelet factor 4 in contrast to individual treatment [49]. Using chicken supplemented with 50 ppm of δT3, Qureshi et al. (2011) further revealed that δT3 reduced TC and LDL-C besides suppressing the lipid elevating effects of dexamethasone and potentiated the TG-lowering effect of riboflavin [50]. Using genetically hypercholesterolemic swine, Qureshi et al. (1991) demonstrated the significant effect of TRF in lowering serum TC, LDL-C, Apo-B, thrombo...

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“…6 Grape seed and GSO are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants such as tocopherols, phytosterol, and α- and γ-tocotrienol. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Grapeseed Oil and Sesame Oil in Experimental Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rat

Hosseinzadeh¹,

Tanideh²,

Azarpira³

et al. 2016

Ann Colorectal Res

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BACKGROUNDInflammatory bowel diseases contain two digestive system diseases, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease with unclear causes. The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of administration of the Sesame oil (SO) and grape seed oil (GSO) as enema route in rats suffering from experimental acetic acid induced UC. METHODSEighty male rats were randomly allocated into 8 equal groups as health control (HC1) without any disease treated with 1 ml of normal saline as enema; HC2 received SO; HC3 received GSO; negative control (NC) with induced UC receiving 1 ml of normal saline as enema; and positive control (PC) with induced UC treated by asacol. All treatments were performed identically with 4 mg/kg of medication except for asacol that was 100 mg/kg for 7 days. The weight changes was recorded after seven days. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6, and c-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Colon macroscopic and microscopic histological changes were also measured at the end of 7th day. RESULTSNo significant changes were detected in weight in neither groups on day 0 nor at the end of study. No beneficial effects were seen for all treatments regarding healing process and the decrease in inflammation. Between treatment groups, the lowest MDA (7.40±0.98 U/ml), CRP (83.20±10.01 mg/l) and IL-6 levels (130.86±10.70 mU/ml) and highest TAC (1.91±0.43 mmol/l) belonged to GSO group. CONCLUSIONGSO enema alone can be considered as a treatment of choice for UC due to its antioxidant properties.

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Muscadine grape seed oil as a novel source of tocotrienols to reduce adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases

Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

Oral Grapeseed Oil and Sesame Oil in Experimental Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rat

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