Mumps and rubella

Viral diseases of the central nervous system

“…One route of entry is via the blood supply. Viruses that are inhaled such as measles and mumps or ingested like human enteroviruses are able to move quickly past mucosal epithelial barriers and establish infection in oropharyngeal or small bowel lymphoid tissues [2-4]. Arboviruses that enter the skin after an insect bite are picked up by Langerhans cells, which then migrate to the draining lymph node [5,6].…”

Meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps in Fujian Province, China, 2005–2013: Non-linear effects

“…Characterized by the inflammatory parotid gland with precursory fever, mumps mainly targets on the children aged 5-9 (Hviid et al, 2008;Tyor and Harrison, 2014). It is caused by mumps virus, which belongs to paramyxovirus family and is transmitted by direct contact, droplet spread, or contaminated fomites.…”

“…The most concerned complications are meningitis and encephalitis, arising in 1-10% and 0.1% of mumps infections respectively. The mumps infection is also an important cause of sensorineural hearing loss (Tyor and Harrison, 2014).…”

Rubella (German measles) revisited

“…4,5 It is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. 6 The virus is easily destroyed by detergents, heat (temperature >56°C), ultraviolet light, and extremes of pH (pH <6.8 or >8.1). 4 The rubella virus is spherical, measuring 50 to 85 nm in diameter and shows pleomorphism.…”

“…5 The viral genome encodes three structural proteins (C, E1, and E2) and two non-structural proteins (p90 and p150). 6,7 The nucleocapsid is composed of the capsid protein C which surrounds the singlestranded RNA. 6,8 The outer envelope contains two glycosylated lipoproteins E1 and E2 which form transmembrane spikes anchored to the external layer of the membrane.…”