Multivariate analysis reveals significant diuron-related changes in the soil composition of different Brazilian regions

Abstract

Sorption and desorption determine the amount of an herbicide in soil solution. Therefore, knowledge of the sorption and desorption coefficients in different soils is an essential factor to estimate the potential for environmental contamination by herbicides. We evaluated the feasibility of multivariate and linear discriminant analyses to predict the sorption and desorption capacity of a soil for diuron, one of the most used herbicides on sugarcane plantations. The adsorptive capacity in twenty-seven Brazilian soil samples was estimated using the sorption constant (Kfs) and desorption constant (Kfd) obtained by the Freundlich isotherms. The regression model was created from the sorbed and nonsorbed concentrations of diuron in soils. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was applied to quantify the diuron concentrations. The multivariate analysis separated the soils into four groups considering the similarity of the following attributes: pH, organic matter, clay, and base saturation. The groups showed a similar pattern of sorption and desorption for diuron: Lom-Lclay: low sorption (5.9 ± 1.2) and high desorption (10.9 ± 0.6); Lclay: low sorption (7.5 ± 1.1) and high desorption (11.4 ± 1.3); Hom-Hclay: high sorption (11.2 ± 1.2) and low desorption (13.8 ± 1.2); HpH-Hclay: high sorption (10.1 ± 1.1) and medium desorption (11.5 ± 1.4). Linear discriminant analysis of these soil attributes was used to classify other soils described in the literature with adsorption capacity. This analysis was able to identify soils with high and low sorption using the pH, organic matter, clay, and base saturation, demonstrating the enormous potential of the technique to group soils with different contamination risks for subterranean waters. Sugarcane crops in northeastern Brazil showed a higher pollution risk through the leaching of diuron. Multivariate analysis revealed significant diuron-related changes in the soil composition of different Brazilian regions; therefore, this statistical analysis can be used to improve understanding of herbicide behavior in soils.

Assessment of Metals Concentrations in Soils of Abu Dhabi Emirate Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Statistics

“…Literature survey reveals different multivariate GIS approaches for determining the heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil [8,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] in many parts of the world, but only a few articles are focusing on the analysis of the metals concentrations in soils [38], sediments [51][52][53] and water [54][55][56][57], in the United Arab Emirates. Apart from the mentioned articles [38,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57], only one study [58] presents the soil characteristics in the Eastern Arabian Desert Region using as investigation tools the ICP-OES with GIS Mapping.…”

Herbicide Leaching in Soil with Different Properties: Perspectives from Commercial Formulations and Analytical Standards

“…The higher concentration of diuron in the topsoil layer is not a new finding [ 29 , 45 , 46 ]. Nevertheless, when used in a mixture, more significant leaching can be advantageous for weed control, as it results in a greater concentration of the herbicide at greater soil depths, allowing for better control of germinating weeds.…”

Association of Indaziflam and Oxyfluorfen in Coffee Pre- Transplantation

“…At 104 DAA, it was observed that all the treatments lost effectiveness, with values lower than the considered satisfactory. This fact may be related to soil and climatic factors that may alter herbicide availability for weed control (Chagas et al, 2019).…”