Organophosphates are old agrochemicals that are toxic for wasps (Vespidae) that are predators of insect pests. However, chlorantraniliprole is the first insecticide produced from the new anthranilic diamide class, which binds to ryanodine receptor modulators. This study uses chlorpyrifos, triazophos, pyridaphenthion and new chlorantraniliprole insecticides that have not yet been extensively tested for effects on non-target organisms. Adults of the predatory wasps were exposed to concentrations of organophosphate inseticides and the most toxic was used for a behavior test. The trial area, located in the Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, received two treatments: with insecticide and without insecticide. Chlorpyrifos, the most toxic insecticide, was used in the dose of 1.5L/ha. In order to evaluate the predation, the number with predation action (injuries made by the wasps) in the leaves were accounted. Behavior activities collect of nine colonies Protonectarina sylveirae, Brachigastra lecheguana, Polybia sp. and Polistes versicolor works were quantified. All colonies were in the adult phase. The colonies were observed by 12h, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The number of wasps that leaved and returned to the nest, type of sources collected (glucidic foods, prey larvae, matherial for construction of the nest). The most toxic insecticide was chlorpyrifos and the most selective was chlorantraniliprole. The species and frequencies of wasps predator were: P. sylveirae (71.50%), B. lecheguana (12.00%), Polybia sp. (7.00%) and P. versicolor (1.00%). Chlor-pyrifos presented not selective and changes in the behavior to the predatory wasps.

Weed management in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants is an essential condition for the future success of the crop. Currently, the producer has few options to perform chemical management at this stage. Therefore, one of the solutions that is being used is the tank mixing of products proven efficient with new products on the market, such as indaziflam. The objective of this study is to know the selectivity of indaziflam, associated or not with oxyfluorfen, in coffee pre-planting and its effectiveness in weed control. Thus, the following treatments were tested in the field: indaziflam (25 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha^-1 a.i.), oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (25 g ha^-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), indaziflam (50 g ha^-1 a.i.) + oxyfluorfen (960 g ha^-1 a.i.), plus a weeded and a non-weeded control. All treatments caused low intoxication in the seedlings, but without impairing the development and orphological variables of the plants. The treatments were efficient in controlling the species <em>Bidens pilosa L</em>., <em>Commelina benghalensis</em> L., <em>Urochloa decumbens</em>, <em>Emilia fosbergii</em> and <em>Melampodium perfoliatum</em> until 68 days after application. At 104 days, it was observed that there was a reduction in the efficiency of the products. It is concluded that the associated use of indaziflam and oxyfluorfen does not cause intoxications capable of interfering with the development of coffee plants. The association of these herbicides or their isolated applications is efficient in the control of weeds in the pre-transplantation of coffee plants, and the choice of the best management strategy is dependent on the weed community present in each area.

O controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do cafeeiro é dificultado pela escassez de herbicidas seletivos para a cultura em fase de implantação. Uma alternativa para contornar os danos causados pelos herbicidas é o uso de protetores químicos com capacidade de minimizar a intoxicação dos herbicidas. Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura no tanque com o Fertiactyl Sweet® para plantas de café recém-transplantadas. O experimento foi realizado em vasos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 10x2, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a nove herbicidas: (oxyfluorfen; sulfentrazone; flumioxazin; [isoxaflutole + indaziflam]; isoxaflutole; indaziflam; [metribuzin + indaziflam]; chlorimuron-etílico; e metsulfuron-metílico) e o controle sem aplicação de herbicida; o segundo fator constou da presença ou ausência do Fertiactyl Sweet. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em “over the top” aos 30 dias após o transplantio. De 7 aos 172 dias após a aplicação (DAA), avaliou-se a porcentagem de intoxicação. E aos 172 DAA, mensurou-se as variáveis morfológicas das plantas. A adição do Fertiactyl Sweet junto à calda dos herbicidas não modificou a tolerância das plantas de café aos herbicidas. Os herbicidas mais tolerantes para o café foram o oxyfluorfen e o sulfentrazone. A mistura comercial indaziflam + metribuzin causou a morte das mudas de café. O Fertiactyl Sweet® não reduziu a intoxicação das mudas de café arábica (Catuaí vermelho - linhagem 44) causada pelos herbicidas estudados. Os herbicidas metsulfuron-metílico e oxyfluorfen foram os mais tolerados pelas plantas de café recém-transplantadas.

<p>Weed management is one of the main and most problematic cultural practices used in coffee plantations. Slow growth, broad spacing associated with scarce registered products for weed control at an early crop stage, are the main problems faced by producers. Therefore, it is desirable for new herbicidal molecules to be registered for this crop, as is the recent case of indaziflam. This study aimed to know the influence of indaziflam on the morphological characteristics of coffee plants and to propose alternatives to reduce its effects on plants. Therefore, the effects of this herbicide on two arabica coffee cultivars were studied, as well as the association of this herbicide with protection of the seedling collar (PVC pipes and bovine manure). Controls on weeds, possible intoxications on seedlings and effects on the main morphological characteristics of coffee plants were evaluated. The morphological growth of cultivar 144 is naturally higher than that of cultivar IBC 12. Although treatments with the use of indaziflam cause intoxication in the seedlings, a reduction in plant damage was observed over time, and the damage was insignificant. In general, it was observed that cultivar IBC 12 suffered minor intoxications, but it is more sensitive to the presence of indaziflam, since it presented greater damage in the morphological variables. The use of manure with the PVC pipe can be an alternative to reduce the effects of this herbicide, as it reduced the effects of the product on the root system of this cultivar. It is concluded that the application of indaziflam causes mild symptoms in coffee plants independent of the planted cultivar. Indaziflam causes reduction in seedling morphology, and this effect is dependent on the cultivar used. The use of manure associated to the PVC pipe can be an alternative to reduce the effects of indaziflam, mainly in the root system of coffee plants.</p>

The presence of weeds in cabbage cultivation areas causes a reduction in the productivity and quality of the commercial product. Given the difficulties in management and the scarcity of registered products for weed control in cabbage cultivation, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of the cabbage cultivars Astrus Plus to the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba. Two experiments were performed; one under controlled conditions and another conducted in the field. The efficacy of the herbicides on the initial growth of the crop was evaluated in the first experiment, measuring the dry matter of the aerial part, the root of the plant, and evaluating the intoxication of the plants. Plant poisoning was also evaluated in the second experiment, along with crop production. No changes in the dry matter and plant poisoning were observed after the analyses performed in the controlled environment, showing that the cabbage presented tolerance to the applied herbicides. On the other hand, results from the experiments performed in the field showed that herbicide 2,4-D poisoned the cabbage causing reductions in production. Dicamba did not cause any damage in the initial phase of cultivation to this crop, with no reductions in its production. These results indicated the potential use of this herbicide in cabbage cultivation. It can be concluded from this study that the cultivar Astrus Plus is tolerant to dicamba. Under controlled conditions, 2,4-D does not cause toxicity to this cultivar, different from its effect when used in the field, where this herbicide can kill the cabbage plants.

O nitrogênio (N) é um dos nutrientes mais extraídos no cultivo de cenoura. No entanto, altas doses de N pode favorecer o crescimento da parte aérea em relação a raiz da planta. A aplicação do metribuzin pode alterar a partição da biomassa em favorecimento das raízes. Desta forma, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da aplicação de metribuzin em pós-emergência, e sua interação com nitrogênio sobre o crescimento axial e radial e produtividade das raízes de cenoura. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, em distintos locais de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, composto por duas doses de metribuzin (0 e 432 g i.a. ha-1) e três doses de N em cobertura (0, 30 e 90 kg ha-1). Avaliouse o comprimento e diâmetro de raízes, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz das plantas e, a produtividade de raízes. Não houve interação entre o metribuzin e nitrogênio nas variáveis estudadas. No entanto, a aplicação de metribuzin reduziu a massa da matéria seca da raiz da cenoura devido redução do diâmetro, sem ocasionar redução da produtividade. A aplicação do metribuzin associado à fertilização de N em cobertura não influencia no crescimento axial ou radial da raiz da cenoura e, consequentemente, não altera a produtividade.

Glyphosate is the most used product for weed control in young coffee planting rows. The application is carried out in a directed way, avoiding the contact of the product with the crop. However, drift and consequent plant injuries frequently occur. An alternative to reduce these injuries is the use of attenuators capable of reducing the negative effects caused by this herbicide. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the efficiency of foliar fertilizers (Fertiactyl Pós ® and Crop + ) as attenuators of the toxic effects caused by the use of glyphosate in the coffee crop. Thus, coffee seedlings were subjected to different doses of the mixture of Fertiactyl Pós ® with glyphosate and Crop + with glyphosate. The treatments were applied on top of the plants. The percentage of coffee intoxication was evaluated at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 90 days after application. At 90 days after application, height, leaf area and shoot and root dry matter were evaluated. Higher doses of glyphosate (1.44 and 2.88 kg ha -1 ) without the use of attenuators caused intoxication levels close to 80% at 28 and 90 DAA. The use of Fertiactyl Pós ® and Crop + reduced the injuries caused by the application of glyphosate, regardless of the dose of herbicide and fertilizers, but with different levels of action. All the morphological variables measured suffered a negative action with the isolated use of glyphosate, with a tendency to recover when the attenuators were applied. It is concluded that the two attenuators were efficient in suppressing the deleterious effects of glyphosate on coffee plants affected by this herbicide. For 0.720 kg ha -1 of glyphosate, the dose most used in the field, 8 L ha -1 is recommended for Fertiactyl Pós ® and 4 L ha -1 for Crop + .