Multisensor Early Warning System Applied to Environmental Management

Abstract

Sudden water pollution accidents threaten the safety of people's drinking water, such as accidental or deliberate contamination events. In this contribution, we introduce a real-time early warning system that can monitor water to ensure safety. We report results of a pilot-scale installation of a sensor-based early warning system (EWS) to detect and report water quality problems along the Yangtze River near Nanjing, China. The system used four different sensors. Water quality parameters detected in this study were necessary to calculate water quality indices consistent with the Chinese government standards. Sensors transmitted data to a server, which stored them in a database, integrated the data into different water quality indices, and sent them to the client. An alarm was triggered if the indices exceeded a certain threshold. The originality of this article was that we set the indices' thresholds and the combined threshold of them to judge the sudden water pollution accidents clearly and accurately and then we gave the alarm levels according to thresholds. The client can support the EWS by storing the data, facilitating inquiries about historic data, and presenting oscillograms and trends within the database.

Estimating the Excess Mortality Risk during Two Red Alert Periods in Beijing, China

“…When the AQI value is less than 100, the air is deemed to have no effect on daily life, but when the AQI is larger than 200 (equivalent to a PM 2.5 concentration of larger than 150 μg/m 3 ), it can result in heavy adverse health effects. In 2013, the environmental authorities in Beijing instituted a four-tier warning system to reduce emissions during episodes of intense smog [ 12 ]. When the air quality index is expected to be ≥200 for at least 72 h, a red alert, the highest pollution level, will be issued [ 12 ].…”

“…In 2013, the environmental authorities in Beijing instituted a four-tier warning system to reduce emissions during episodes of intense smog [ 12 ]. When the air quality index is expected to be ≥200 for at least 72 h, a red alert, the highest pollution level, will be issued [ 12 ]. At this highest warning level, road traffic is restricted with alternate-day driving laws (based on license plate), factory work is reduced or halted, and schools are closed.…”

Surface Water Monitoring Systems—The Importance of Integrating Information Sources for Sustainable Watershed Management

“…The advancement of water monitoring has been applied in the system called NJU-EWS, which was used to explore the deployment of various sensors for the purpose of collecting data through automatic control from the monitoring centre [27]. Manfreda et al summarized spatio-temporal Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to improve environmental monitoring during limited time use [22].…”

Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids

“…13,14 The challenge in detecting small organic molecules like drugs, owning the most diverse chemical properties and appearing in concentrations over a broad range, has led to the development of many new analytical techniques, unfortunately often dedicated to only one compound or one family of compounds, and difficult to adapt to other targets. 18,19 Here, we report on the development of a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cocaine in water, oral fluids (saliva), and urine, designed to be as modular as possible. 16,17 The integration of such chemical sensors in embedded systems, such as microfluidic chip systems, allowing for on-site measurements, also represents an opportunity to better monitor our environment, to control our inputs into it, and to establish early-warning systems.…”

“…16,17 The integration of such chemical sensors in embedded systems, such as microfluidic chip systems, allowing for on-site measurements, also represents an opportunity to better monitor our environment, to control our inputs into it, and to establish early-warning systems. 18,19 Here, we report on the development of a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cocaine in water, oral fluids (saliva), and urine, designed to be as modular as possible.…”