Lakes provide various ecosystem services that support biotic habitats and human life. In contrast, many lakes in the world are degraded due to pollutant supply from surrounding areas and human activities in the lake. Lake Toba, which is the largest lake in Indonesia, has indicated a polluted condition. However, the source and load of each pollutant are not yet known. A study has been conducted to determine nutrient and organic load levels entering the lake represented by Total Phosphorus (TP) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), respectively. Observations were carried out in November 2017 at 22 locations, i.e., at 12 inlet rivers debouching to the lake and 10 sites at the lake. The pollutant impact was assessed from water class criteria based on COD, waters trophic status based on TP, and vertical oxygen profile representing cage aquaculture (CA) and non-cage aquaculture (NCA) areas. Based on COD and government regulation number 82/2001, water quality at the lake inlets was class III and IV. In the lake area, water class in NCA was III, while in CA the water class tends to be III and IV. Estimated TP loading from the catchment area was 138 tonnes/yr, while that from cage aquaculture activity was 570.33 tonnes/yr. Pollutants have caused the worsening of water class, increasing water column anoxia in the hypolimnion layer and eutrophication in Lake Toba.
This study presents the development of a stochastic modelling system and a laboratory works on the greenhouse scale for estimating the concentration of boron in controlled irrigated-paddy plants. The model was developed based on Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Python 3.6. The stochastic model is developed to predict boron concentration through different treatments (different inflow and interval irrigation) inside the greenhouse. There were three treatments of the experiment in greenhouse scale: the buckets filled using full of open inflow in bucket one, the buckets filled using a half of open inflow in bucket two, the buckets filled using a quarter of open inflow in bucket three. The study used integration data using Odeint python package, Hargraves model, and chemical kinetics to estimate the boron concentration. The result shows that bucket two and bucket three have higher boron concentration than bucket one based on laboratory experiment. In this study, the simulation approaches show performances which are satisfactory to predict boron concentration up to three second in the buckets.
AbstrakAktivitas pengukuran biasanya dilakukan pada satu waktu atau di waktu-waktu tertentu. Dalam kasus ketika pengukuran hanya dilakukan pada satu waktu, pengukuran yang dilakukan secara manual dengan mengunjungi lokasi, melakukan pengukuran, mencatatnya, dan kemudian meninggalkan lokasi tidaklah menjadi masalah. Akan tetapi, ketika beberapa atau banyak pengukuran harus dilakukan pada rentang waktu tertentu atau tahunan, pengukuran yang dilakukan secara manual akan melelahkan, memakan banyak biaya dan waktu. Desain dan implementasi sistem embedded untuk pemantauan dan peringatan dini bencana lingkungan perairan kemudian diusulkan. Sistem ini terdiri dari dua bagian: stasiun pemantau dan pusat pemantauan. Stasiun pemantau merupakan sebuah sistem embedded yang memiliki antarmuka dengan alat pengukur (logger). Pusat pemantauan adalah sebuah komputer yang menjalankan layanan pengambilan data yang dikirim oleh stasiun pemantau, memprosesnya, dan memasukkannya kedalam database. Pusat pemantauan juga menjalankan layanan http agar data dari stasiun pemantau dapat ditampilkan kepada pengguna baik dalam bentuk tabular ataupun grafik melalui website.Implementasi sistem ini dapat melakukan pengukuran secara kontinyu dan online serta hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat dipantau dari jarak jauh.Kata kunci: pengawasan online, sistem peringatan dini, lingkungan perairan ______________________________________________________________________________________
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