Multiple Damage Identification in Beams from Full-Field Digital Photogrammetry

Minimal Information Data-Modelling (MID) and an Easily Implementable Low-Cost SHM System for Use on a Short-Span Bridge

“…The modal testing of the bridge is outlined in [ 26 ]. The acceleration data for the modal test was collected using force balance accelerometers and analysed using the NExT/ERA operational modal analysis (OMA) procedure.…”

“…Although the damage simulated in these studies varied, it could generally be represented by a localised loss in stiffness. Studies that used only numerical models [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] were able to detect damage ranging from a 5% to 66% loss of stiffness, while those that used a combination of numerical and experimental studies [ 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] were able to detect damage ranging from a 7% to 49% loss of stiffness. The range of detectable damage for bridge SHM systems is from 5% to 66% loss of stiffness, with significant variation in both the longitudinal length and transverse width over which the damage is implemented.…”

Wavelet and Lipschitz exponent based damage identification method for beams using mode shapes

“…The stiffness change at x 0 reduces the bearing capacity of the cross-section, thereby modifying the moment distribution and displacement field along the beam. It can be demonstrated [22,23] that the damage induced variation of the displacement field, ∆u(x) (∆u(x) = u D (x) − u R (x)), is equivalent to the response of the damaged beam subjected to a pair of self-equilibrated bending moments that equals m R (x 0 ), applied at x 0 . This state of the beam is named the Incremental State (State I) and the corresponding response of the structure is denoted by u I (x), where u I (x) is equal to ∆u(x).…”

“…Therefore, the bending moment in the State I at the damage location (m I (x 0 )) is equal to m D (x 0 ). A detailed explanation of this decomposition scheme can be found in [22,23].…”

Wavelet analysis of static deflections for multiple damage identification in beams

“…A number of 241 measurement points with an equal spacing of 5 mm were set on the beam. The details of the setup of the test and the measuring procedures can be found in (Ma and Solís, 2019).…”