Multiple Controlling Factors of the Enrichment of Organic Matter in the Upper Cretaceous Oil Shale Sequences of the Songliao Basin, Ne China: Implications From Geochemical Analyses

Song, Yu; Liu, Z; Meng, Qingtao; Xu, Jin; Sun, P-C; Lü, Cheng; Zheng, Guodong

doi:10.3176/oil.2016.2.04

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Under warmer conditions, the Rb/Sr ratio decreases, whereas the Sr/Cu ratio increases (Cao et al, 2015;Moradi et al, 2016). The values of Sr/Cu ratios between 1.3 and 5.0 indicate a warm-humid climate, whereas a ratio >5.0 points to a hot-arid climate (Yandoka et al, 2015;Song et al, 2016). In addition, the C-value can be used as an indicator of paleoclimate (Cao et al, 2012;Fu et al, 2016); this is defined as follows: C-value = (Fe + Mn + Cr + Ni + V + Co)/ (Ca + Mg + Sr + Ba + K + Na), where elemental concentrations are presented in ppm.…”

Section: Paleoclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Sediments from the Lopare Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for Paleoclimate, Paleosalinity, Paleoredox and Provenance

Šajnović

Grba

Neubauer

et al. 2020

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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A combined inorganic and organic geochemical study was carried out on marls and mudstones collected from the Lower Miocene Lopare Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 46 samples collected from two boreholes, Pot 1 (depth of 193 m) and Pot 3 (depth of 344 m), showed that element abundances like boron (B), lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), uranium (U), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) are much higher than average than in the upper continental crust (UCC). Chemical composition indicates at least two sources: (i) Mesozoic ophiolites occurring in the north of the investigated area, and (ii) dacito-andesitic pyroclastics (Mesozoic to Cenozoic). Lopare Basin sedimentation was influenced by strong evaporation resulting in a partly hypersaline lake, which formed during a warm climatic period, probably during the Miocene Climatic Optimum. A brief episode of humid climate conditions resulted in the basin fillingup and deposition of felsic sediments enriched in thorium (Th). Organic geochemistry shows that the majority of studied sediments contains predominantly immature to marginally mature algal organic matter (OM). The biomarker patterns are generally in agreement with the geological history of the Lopare Basin and inorganic and mineralogical data. Conversely, the molecular distribution of n-alkanes as reliable climatic and δ-MTTC as paleosalinity indicators do not support this conclusion.

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Section: Paleoclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Sediments from the Lopare Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for Paleoclimate, Paleosalinity, Paleoredox and Provenance

Šajnović

Grba

Neubauer

et al. 2020

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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“…These ratios indicate an arid climate and high salinity conditions. The Sr/Cu ratio, which ranges from (1.3-5.0), indicates a warm humid climate, while the ratio greater than 5.0 indicates a hot and arid climate (Yandoka et al, 2015;Song et al, 2016). The values of the Sr/Cu ratio in Azmir section is 14.7-97.9 with an average of 28.14, in Degala section is 28-59 with an average of 36.096, in Dokan, it ranges between 13.9-28.4 with an average of 19.85.…”

Section: Lhaebi -Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoclimatic Insights on the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Oae2) From Northern Iraq Based on Calcareous Nannofossils and Geochemical Data

Al-Lhaebi

Al-Badrani

Al-Juboury

et al. 2020

IGJ

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Calcareous nannofossils, mineralogical and geochemical investigations are carried out on the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary of the Gulneri Formation in the Azmir, Dokan and Degala sections, northern Iraq. Regarding the calcareous nannofossil data CC11 and CC12 biozones were identified. A detailed investigation was carried out to identify calcareous nannofossils species. On the basis of their stratigraphic distribution, two biozones were proposed in this study; Quadrum gartneri Interval Biozone (CC11) part and Lucianrhabdus maleformis Interval Biozone (CC12) part. Correlation with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from regional schemes led to conclude that the age of the Gulneri Formation in the studied sections is the early Turonian. Mineralogical (X-ray diffraction XRD) and trace elements geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence XRF) data along with the dominance of calcareous nannofossil Watznauria that indicates warm and arid climatic condition prevailing in the Cenomanian-Turonian transition.

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“…In some regions, for example, China, Southeast Asia (e.g., Indonesia), and the continental margins of Brazil and West Africa (e.g., Angola), about 85% of the conventional oil were derived from LORS . Although termed as shale, these organic-rich sediments generally indicate fine-grained sedimentary rocks characteristic of relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) contents, which mainly composed of clay-sized particles (<4 μm), with variable amounts of silt-sized floating grains (up to 62.5 μm) of biogenic and detrital origins. , Compared with marine organic-rich shale, the LORS commonly displays stronger heterogeneity on both organic matter (OM) and mineral compositions. − The phenomenon reflects the complexity of the microbial community and paleoenvironment in lakes, which was influenced by short-term fluctuations of the lake level, sediment (nutrients) input, paleoclimate, and tectonic subsidence. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

Liu

Song

Xiang

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The Songliao Basin is the largest oilfield in China and across southeast Asia. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou and Nenjiang Formations in the basin comprise the source rocks for conventional oil and gas, as well as the primary exploration target for shale oil. Although the lacustrine organic-rich shale (LORS) in the first member of Nenjiang Formation (K 2 n 1) from the southern Central Depression is characterized by high organic matter (OM) abundance and the dominance of oil-prone kerogen, a study on the algal-microbial community, paleoenvironment, and shale oil potential of them is still lacking. Here, we address these issues based on the integration of bulk geochemical, organic petrographic, biomarker, scanning electron microscopic, and nitrogen gas adsorption analyses. The algal-microbial community was mainly composed of red algae, green algae, and dinoflagellates, together with bacteria and a minor proportion of land plants in the paleolake, which might be favorable for OM productivity. Saline to brackish and anoxic to dysoxic conditions were present in the paleolake, which were conducive to OM preservation. Both the favorable OM productivity and preservation conditions resulted in deposition of the K 2 n 1 LORS, which was characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) contents and the dominance of oil-prone kerogen (type I). However, limited hydrocarbon generation potential of shale oil was present in the K 2 n 1 LORS, because of the relatively low maturity (early oil window maturity). Nano- to micrometer pores, including interparticle pores, intracrystalline pores, dissolution pores, and OM pores, formed two types of pore structures and pore size distributions in the K 2 n 1 LORS. In comparison with LORS from the first member of Qingshankou Formation (K 2 qn 1) in the study area, the K 2 n 1 LORS displays higher TOC and HI values, lower OSI and T max values, and a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda pore volume. The favorable area of shale oil in the K 2 n 1 LORS is proposed based on the integration of OM abundance, type, and maturity. In addition, the K 2 n 1 LORS buried with a depth of <1000 m may have great oil shale potential, which is suitable for in situ conversion processing. However, further research on the planar distributions of oil yield, shale thickness, underground water, laminar fractures, and OM pores of the K 2 n 1 LORS are needed. This work is not only beneficial for paleoecological reconstruction in the Songliao Basin during the K 2 n 1, but also provide guidance for regional unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in the future.

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Multiple Controlling Factors of the Enrichment of Organic Matter in the Upper Cretaceous Oil Shale Sequences of the Songliao Basin, Ne China: Implications From Geochemical Analyses

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Geochemistry of Sediments from the Lopare Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for Paleoclimate, Paleosalinity, Paleoredox and Provenance

Geochemistry of Sediments from the Lopare Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for Paleoclimate, Paleosalinity, Paleoredox and Provenance

Paleoclimatic Insights on the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Oae2) From Northern Iraq Based on Calcareous Nannofossils and Geochemical Data

Algal-Microbial Community, Paleoenvironment, and Shale Oil Potential of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Southern Central Depression, Songliao Basin (NE China)

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