Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses

Wong, David M.; Belgrave, Rodney L.; Williams, Kurt J.; Piero, Fábio Del; Alcott, Cody J.; Bolin, Steven R.; Marr, Celia M.; Nolen-Walston, Rose; Myers, R. Thomas; Wilkins, Pamela A.

doi:10.2460/javma.232.6.898

Cited by 85 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis was always diagnosed in horses aged 4 years or older (Williams et al 2007;Wong et al 2008). The adult age of these horses could reflect a particular pattern of predisposing factor for the disease, although EHV-5 infection is less spread at that age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However the detection of EHV-5 in lung lesions of horses affected with multinodular pulmonary fibrosis, much like EHV-8 in donkeys, allowed to suspect this virus as a possible cause of that severe condition (Kleiboeker et al 2002;Williams et al 2007;Wong et al 2008). The aim of the present study was to describe the presence of EHV-5 in a breeding farm in order to investigate a possible association of the infection with age and gender of the horses and to increase the knowledge about EHV-5 ecology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection

et al. 2010

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Equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) infection was detected in a farm in Italy by the use of a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting glycoprotein B of EHV-5 on nasal swabs and blood samples of clinically healthy and randomly selected Lipizzaner horses (n = 55). Twenty-five horses at the age of 4-17 years and 30 at an age of 1-3 years were sampled once. The association of the infection with these age-groups and the gender of the horses was investigated. The apparent prevalence of EHV-5 infection was significantly different between age-cohorts: it was higher in the younger group of horses with 73,3% and 80% positives in nasal swabs and blood respectively, compared to 40% of nasal swabs and 20% of blood in the older horses. An age-dependence therefore was observed: the young age is more frequently associated with EHV-5 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection

et al. 2010

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“…However, polyomaviruses, which also can be activated by immunosuppression, are not detected in IPF patients (70). An association of interstitial lung disease with herpesvirus infections in horses (83,86) and a cat (45) lends credibility to similar associations in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of lung inflammation by the Epstein-Barr virus protein Zta

Guenther¹,

Cameron²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Several studies have implicated gamma-herpesviruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The data presented here examine the possible role that EBV plays in the potentiation of this disease by evaluating the pulmonary response to expression of the EBV lytic transactivator protein Zta. Expression of Zta in the lungs of mice via adenovirus-mediated delivery (Adv-Zta) produced profibrogenic inflammation that appeared most pronounced by day 7 postexposure. Relative to mice exposed to control GFP-expressing adenovirus (Adv-GFP), mice exposed to Adv-Zta displayed evidence of lung injury and a large increase in inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils, recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Cytokine and mRNA profiling of the BAL fluid and cells recovered from Adv-Zta-treated mice revealed a Th2 and Th17 bias. mRNA profiles from Adv-Zta-infected lung epithelial cells revealed consistent induction of mRNAs encoding Th2 cytokines. Coexpression in transient assays of wild-type Zta, but not a DNA-binding-defective mutant Zta, activated expression of the IL-13 promoter in lung epithelial cells, and detection of IL-13 in Adv-Zta-treated mice correlated with expression of Zta. Induction of Th2 cytokines in Zta-expressing mice corresponded with alternative activation of macrophages. In cell culture and in mice, Zta repressed lung epithelial cell markers. Despite the profibrogenic character at day 7, the inflammation resolves by 28 days postexposure to Adv-Zta without evidence of fibrosis. These observations indicate that the EBV lytic transactivator protein Zta displays activity consistent with a pathogenic role in pulmonary fibrosis associated with herpesvirus infection.

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“…However, there is strong evidence indicating EVH-5 plays a primary or complicating role in the etiology of the disease. Most reports have mentioned amplification of viral DNA in the lungs of affected animals (Hart et al 2008, Wong et al 2008. EHV-5 was detected in six clinical cases of the disease and in 24 necropsied horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in southern Brazil: pathology and differential diagnosis

et al. 2017

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Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) diagnosed at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel), is described. Differential aspects of other pulmonary diseases in horses with pneumonia and interstitial fibrosis were discussed. The disease occurred in a 15-year-old equine that presented with clinical signs of respiratory distress, intermittent fever, anorexia, and dyspnea. Macroscopically, there was enlargement of the lungs with whitish, pale, firm and well-delimited nodules, approximately 7-10 cm in diameter, distributed throughout the parenchyma. Histologically, the lung nodules had alveolar spaces with walls covered by cuboidal epithelium containing macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and, eventually, multinucleated giant cells. The interstitium was markedly thickened by mature fibrous connective tissue and collagen. There were intranuclear inclusion bodies in the macrophages. The PCR technique for detecting the EHV-5 DNA was positive. In a retrospective study of pneumonia cases in horses with interstitial fibrosis diagnosed in the LRD/UFPel, two animals had macroscopic and histological lesions similar to those with EMPF, but they were negative for EHV-5 in PCR. Four cases diagnosed with pneumonia and interstitial tissue fibrosis had a histological pattern that was different from that observed in the EMPF animal, thus eliminating the possibility of EMPF. It is concluded that EMPF is a sporadic disease that should be considered in cases of respiratory disease in horses. Reports of such cases are important to alert technicians about the occurrence of rare diseases in Brazil. It is also necessary to establish the true role of EHV-5 in the pathogenesis of EMPF. Cases of pulmonary fibrosis such as EMPF, in which the virus is not present, should be studied to establish whether it could be an idiopathic form of the disease.

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Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses

Cited by 85 publications

References 40 publications

Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection

Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection

Modulation of lung inflammation by the Epstein-Barr virus protein Zta

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in southern Brazil: pathology and differential diagnosis

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