Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection

Marenzoni, Maria Luisa; Coppola, Giovanni; Maranesi, Margherita; Passamonti, Fabrizio; Cappelli, Katia; Capomaccio, Stefano; Supplizi, Andrea Verini; Thiry, Étienne; Coletti, Mauro

doi:10.1007/s11259-010-9443-9

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Equine herpesvirus‐2 has been associated with outbreaks of upper respiratory tract disease in young horses, but EHV‐2 has also been isolated from clinically normal horses . Equine herpesvirus‐5 has been associated with the development of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), herpetic ocular disease, and lymphoma in horses, however, these diseases are rare while of EHV‐5 shedding in the equine population is common . It has previously been reported that horses with nasal secretion viral loads of >650 000 gB genes/million cells were more likely to have EMPF than controls .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Smith

Watson

Spier

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundImported horses that have undergone recent long distance transport might represent a serious risk for spreading infectious respiratory pathogens into populations of horses.ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in recently imported horses.AnimalsAll imported horses with signed owner consent (n = 167) entering a USDA quarantine for contagious equine metritis from October 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study.MethodsProspective observational study. Enrolled horses had a physical examination performed and nasal secretions collected at the time of entry and subsequently if any horse developed signs of respiratory disease during quarantine. Samples were assayed for equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type‐1, −2, −4, and −5 (EHV‐1, −2, −4, −5), equine rhinitis virus A (ERAV), and B (ERBV) and Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) using quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsEquine herpesviruses were detected by qPCR in 52% of the study horses including EHV‐2 (28.7%), EHV‐5 (40.7%), EHV‐1 (1.2%), and EHV‐4 (3.0%). Clinical signs were not correlated with being qPCR‐positive for EHV‐4, EHV‐2, or EHV‐5. None of the samples were qPCR‐positive for EIV, ERAV, ERBV, and S. equi. The qPCR assay failed quality control for RNA viruses in 25% (46/167) of samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical signs of respiratory disease were poorly correlated with qPCR positive status for EHV‐2, −4, and −5. The importance of γ‐herpesviruses (EHV‐2 and 5) in respiratory disease is poorly understood. Equine herpesvirus type‐1 or 4 (EHV‐1 or EHV‐4) were detected in 4.2% of horses, which could have serious consequences if shedding animals entered a population of susceptible horses. Biosecurity measures are important when introducing recently imported horses into resident US populations of horses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Smith

Watson

Spier

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EHV-5 has commonly been observed in equine populations worldwide and has in general been considered a harmless virus due to its frequent detection in healthy horses (Bell et al, 2006;Marenzoni et al, 2010;Rushton et al, 2013;Torfason et al, 2008). More recently, however, it has been linked to the occurrence of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), a severe lung disease in the horse (Poth et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and dynamics of infections of equid herpesvirus 5 in individual horses

Back

Ullman

Leijon

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) is related to the human Epstein-Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4) and has frequently been observed in equine populations worldwide. EHV-5 was previously assumed to be low to non-pathogenic; however, studies have also related the virus to the severe lung disease equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF). Genetic information of EHV-5 is scanty: the whole genome was recently described and only limited nucleotide sequences are available. In this study, samples were taken twice 1 year apart from eight healthy horses at the same professional training yard and samples from a ninth horse that was diagnosed with EMPF with samples taken pre-and post-mortem to analyse partial glycoprotein B (gB) gene of EHV-5 by using next-generation sequencing. The analysis resulted in 27 partial gB gene sequences, 11 unique sequence types and five amino acid sequences. These sequences could be classified within four genotypes (I-IV) of the EHV-5 gB gene based on the degree of similarity of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, and in this work horses were shown to be identified with up to three different genotypes simultaneously. The observations showed a range of interactions between EHV-5 and the host over time, where the same virus persists in some horses, whereas others have a more dynamic infection pattern including strains from different genotypes. This study provides insight into the genetic variation and dynamics of EHV-5, and highlights that further work is needed to understand the EHV-5 interaction with its host.

show abstract

“…; Marenzoni et al . ). Additionally, there is increasing evidence that EHV‐5 presents fairly large antigenic, and potentially genetic, diversity, possibly further complicating diagnosis (Ataseven et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In order for EHV-5 to be identified clearly as a cause of EMPF, it is desirable that Koch's postulates be fulfilled. EHV-5 is ubiquitous and infects many horses but apparently results in EMPF in only a few (Torfason et al 2008;Fortier et al 2009Fortier et al , 2010Marenzoni et al 2010). No results of any such study have been reported at the time of writing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, preliminary data have clearly demonstrated that experimental infection with EHV-5 will result in pulmonary fibrosis in horses (K. Williams, personal communication, 2013). EHV-5 is incredibly slow to grow in culture, requiring 4 passages for the cytopathic effect to be reliably observed, making infection and antiviral sensitivity testing studies particularly challenging (Fortier et al 2010;Marenzoni et al 2010). Additionally, there is increasing evidence that EHV-5 presents fairly large antigenic, and potentially genetic, diversity, possibly further complicating diagnosis (Ataseven et al 2010;Fortier et al 2010;Thorsteinsdóttir et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation