Multimodality scoring of chondral injuries in the equine fetlock joint ex vivo

Abstract

OCT imaging supplemented with the automated software provided the most reliable lesion scoring. However, limited penetration depth of light limits the clinical potential of OCT in assessing human cartilage thickness; thus, the combination of OCT and ultrasound could be optimal for reliable diagnostics. Present findings suggest imaging and quantitatively analyzing the entire articular surface to eliminate surgeon-related variation in the selection of the most severe lesion to be scored.

Combination of optical coherence tomography and near infrared spectroscopy enhances determination of articular cartilage composition and structure

“…Multiple techniques, including near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) 7 , optical coherence tomography (OCT) 8 , 9 , 10 and ultrasound 8 – 10 have been proposed for arthroscopic evaluation of articular cartilage. The optical techniques, i.e.…”

“…NIRS and OCT, are complementary as NIRS enables quantitative evaluation of cartilage composition 11 , 12 , while OCT provides images with superior resolution compared to CT and MRI. However, scoring of the severity of lesions visualized in these high resolution images is as unreliable as traditional arthroscopic scoring 9 , 10 , thus requiring the adaptation of user-independent automatic scoring 9 , 10 , 13 .…”

The correlation between score-based protocol for equine joint assessment and subsequent arthroscopic intervention outcomes

“…In this joint, other imaging modalities are less accurate due to superimposition of intra-articular structures. Combined imaging modalities, as well as standardized description and quantification of findings, are highly recommended for diagnosis of joint diseases (De Lasalle et al, 2016;Machado et al, 2016;Sarin et al, 2017). Arthroscopy exam in combination primarily with medical history and sonographic exam were shown to be useful for detecting injuries compared with other performed pre-arthroscopic assessments.…”

>b<Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem>/b<

“…A obtenção de imagens pode ser não invasiva com o uso da radiografia, ultrassonografia, ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada (SOUZA et al, 2005;WHITCOMB, 2005;BAGI et al, 2006;DRUM et al, 2009;GONZALEZ et al, 2010;DYSON, 2011;SEIGNOUR et al, 2012), ou invasiva com biopsia para histologia e artroscopia (BOURÉ et al, 2002;NIXON et al, 2004;STORY;BRAMLAGE, 2004;OLIVE et al, 2009;JUNIOR et al, 2016). A ultrassonografia, assim como a radiografia, é um método diagnóstico de rotina do médico veterinário de equinos, e tem grande relevância clínica (REEF;WHITTIER;ALLAM, 2005;SARIN et al, 2017).…”

“…varia de hipoecogênica a anecóica, localizada entre a membrana sinovial e ou fluido sinovial e a porção hiperecogênica do osso subcondral; a cartilagem aparece como linha fina e regular, e a superfície do osso subcondral como linha fina hiperecogênica, também deve ser regularAGRÉGE, 2001;REDDING, 2001).No exame das articulações, a ultrassonografia é utilizada para avaliar alterações em sinóvia e líquido sinovial, além da identificação de lesões associadas aos ligamentos colaterais e meniscos, em espessamentos da cartilagem articular e lesões condrais(REEF;WHITTIER;ALLAM, 2005;SARIN et al, 2017), sendo uma técnica mais sensível que a radiografia para analisar alterações em margem articularAGRÉGE, 2001). …”