Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism.

Triandis, Harry C.; McCusker, Christopher; Hui, C. Harry

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.1006

Cited by 1,203 publications

(908 citation statements)

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“…Individualist societies are those in which there is an emphasis on individual rights, and where the goals of groups or collectives are subordinate to the goals of the individual. In collectivist societies, there is a greater emphasis placed on others than on the self, which leads to an emphasis on harmony and conformity and on subordination of one's own goals to the goals of the collective (Hofstede, 1980;Triandis, Bontempo & Villareal, 1988;Triandis, McCusker & Hui, 1990). These differences can be observed in people's orientation towards romantic love.…”

Section: Interdependence As a Mediator Between Culture And Interpersomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks

Üskül

Hynie

Lalonde

2004

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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The present study examines cross-cultural differences in interpersonal closeness to different people and whether these differences can be explained by independent and interdependent selfconstrual. Turkish and Euro-Canadian samples of university students were asked to indicate how close they feel and how close they ideally would like to be to family members, romantic partners, friends and acquaintances. As predicted, Turkish participants scored higher on interdependent self-construal, whereas there was no culture difference on independent self-construal scores.Turkish participants rated their actual and ideal closeness with others higher than Euro-Canadian participants did. Both Turkish and Euro-Canadian participants reported feeling closest and ideally wanting to be closest to their romantic partner, and then to their families and friends, followed by acquaintances. Turkish participants desired more closeness with family members and acquaintances than Euro-Canadian participants did. Interdependent self-construal was found to partially mediate the relationships between culture and actual closeness scores for family, friends and acquaintances, and between culture and ideal scores for family and acquaintances.

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Section: Interdependence As a Mediator Between Culture And Interpersomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triandis, 1995;Triandis, McCusker, & Hui, 1990). Thus, they should be more interdependent and report higher inclusion of other in self with ingroup members than do people from individualistic cultures.…”

Section: Inclusion Of Other In Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks

Üskül

Hynie

Lalonde

2004

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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“…A adoção freqüente do individualismo e do coletivismo como um padrão de diferenças culturais potencialmente útil à explicação da variabilidade do comportamento social deve-se, em grande parte, a Triandis e seus associados , 1990a, 1990b, 1994bTriandis & cols., 1986;Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asai & Lucca, 1988;Triandis, Leung, Villareal & Clack, 1985;Triandis & Gelfand, 1998;Triandis, McCusker & Hui, 1990), que, há mais de duas décadas, vêm se dedicando a um intenso programa de pesquisas voltado para o aprofundamento dos aspectos conceituais e metodológicos implicados na caracterização do referido constructo.…”

Section: O Individualismo E O Coletivismo Como Indicadores Das Culturunclassified

“…Outro ponto importante refere-se ao fato de a maioria das pesquisas sobre essa temática ter se detido em comparações entre padrões de comportamento de asiáticos e norte-americanos e, eventualmente, de europeus, gerando, assim, resultados que podem não refletir a realidade de países latino-americanos, que possuem suas próprias especificidades culturais, muito embora sejam considerados coletivistas (Kagitçibasi, 1997;Triandis, 1990). Desse modo, torna-se relevante a realização de pesquisas futuras no contexto sociocultural brasileiro, orientadas pela perspectiva do individualismo e coletivismo, que possam oferecer contribuições úteis à compreensão do funcionamento psicológico e das condutas sociais dos indivíduos que aí se encontram inseridos.…”

Section: Conclusõesunclassified

O individualismo e o coletivismo como indicadores de culturas nacionais: convergências e divergências teórico-metodológicas

Ferreira¹,

Assmar²,

Souto³

2002

Psicol. estud.

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RESUMO. O trabalho aborda as convergências e divergências teórico-metodológicas que cercam a produção científica atual a respeito do individualismo e do coletivismo e suas implicações para a avaliação das culturas nacionais. Examina, inicialmente, alguns modelos conceituais sobre os valores, detendo-se, posteriormente, nas questões subjacentes à teorização e mensuração do individualismo e do coletivismo e nas controvérsias presentes neste campo de estudos. À guisa de conclusão, destacam-se pontos críticos da literatura a serem levados em conta pelos investigadores interessados no estudo das influências da cultura no comportamento psicossocial, assim como as possibilidades de aplicação de tal arcabouço teórico ao contexto sociocultural brasileiro.Palavras-chaves: individualismo, coletivismo, cultura nacional. THE INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM AS NATIONAL CULTURE INDICATORS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCIESABSTRACT. Theoretical and methodological controversies that are present in the scientific literature about individualism and collectivism, as well as its implications for the evaluation of national cultures are reviewed. Some value conceptual models, as well as the issues related to theory and measurement of individualism and collectivism and the controversies that are present in this area are discussed. As a conclusion, some critical aspects in the literature that should be taken into account by researchers interested in the study of culture influences in social behavior, as well as the range of application of this theoretical background to the Brazilian sociocultural context are highlighted. INTRODUÇÃOSob a perspectiva da psicologia social norteamericana, o estudo das condutas sociais teve como foco, por longos anos, a busca de modelos e leis gerais que pudessem contribuir para a compreensão dos processos e estruturas cognitivas subjacentes aos comportamentos manifestos nas interações sociais. Orientadas pelo pressuposto da universalidade das relações funcionais entre processos cognitivos e comportamentos sociais, estas investigações adotaram o indivíduo como objeto de análise, desconsiderando, de modo sistemático, a relevância dos sistemas socioistórico-culturais na produção das condutas humanas.Mais recentemente, entretanto, psicólogos de várias nacionalidades, descontentes com o caráter excessivamente individualista e anistórico desta psicologia social cognitivista, vêm se interessando pelo papel que a diversidade sociocultural desempenha na configuração do pensamento social, através da adoção de duas estratégias de investigação: a êmica e a ética. Na abordagem ética, a preocupação é com a busca da universalidade do fenômeno, e desse modo, as teorias derivadas em um determinado contexto cultural são testadas em outros contextos, com o intuito de se verificar a sua capacidade de generalização. A perspectiva êmica, por outro lado, procura analisar e compreender os comportamentos

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“…However, we contend that the findings could be understood more in the context of culture. Filipinos, whose culture is more collectivist in orientation, value personalised social relationships and social harmony (Triandis, McCusker, & Hui, 1990). They embed others in settings, situations, or contexts in which their selves are connected (Markus & Kitayama, 1991).…”

Section: Posttraumatic Cognitions As Predictors Of Ptsd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Intensity of Trauma Memory as Moderator of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Cognitions and PTSD Symptoms

Nalipay

Mordeno

2016

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

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I ndividuals develop three types of cognitions in the aftermath of a traumatic experience: negative cognitions about the self, negative cognitions about the world, and self-blame (Foa et al., 1999). Although the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic cognitions has been supported in literature, memory-related responses affecting this relationship need further exploration. It was the intention of the present study to address this gap by examining the moderating role of emotional intensity of trauma memory in the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions and PTSD symptoms. In a sample of survivors of typhoon Haiyan (N = 632), one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded, it was found that in general, negative cognitions about the self and the world, but not self-blame, predict PTSD symptoms; and emotional intensity of trauma memory generally moderates the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions and PTSD. The findings of the study would be useful in the development and enhancement of interventions to help the survivors of natural disasters in maintaining their mental health and wellbeing. Keywords: posttraumatic cognitions, emotional intensity, PTSDTyphoon Haiyan was one of the strongest typhoons to hit Southeast Asia. With its violent rains and winds of up to 170 mph when it made landfall, it caused massive casualties of lives and properties among Filipinos (Inquirer.net, 2013). A total of 6,300 individuals died and 28,689 were injured; 1,084,762 houses were damaged, leading to homelessness and forced displacement. Moreover, billions of pesos worth of properties were damaged. Due to the massive destruction caused by typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines was declared to be a national state of calamity (Del Rosario, 2014). Aside from the deaths of loved ones and loss of properties, other problems encountered by survivors included lack of food and drinking water, absence of electricity, and the lack of means of communication and transportation, as well as poor access to basic medical care (Dash, Viswanathan, & AminHanjani, 2014). These experiences were likely to have a significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of survivors.Although numerous studies have examined factors influencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among natural disaster survivors, such as sociodemographic charAddress for correspondence : Ma. Jenina N. Nalipay, College of Graduate Studies and Teacher Education Research, Philippine Normal University, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines. Email: jnalipay@yahoo.com acteristics (Adams et al., 2014;Ehring, Razik, & Emmelkamp, 2011;Kun et al., 2009;Xu & Song, 2011), loss of family members, damage to properties (Chan et al., 2011;Kun et al., 2009), and lack of social support (Ehring et al., 2011), there is limited information on the internal processes involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms among samples with this type of trauma (Constans et al., 2012). Two of the factors internal to the individual that have consistently been fo...

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Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism.

Abstract: Data collection in Hawaii was made possible through an appointment of Harry C. Triandis as visiting fellow of the East-West Center, Honolulu. Richard Brislin was exceptionally helpful in organizing a faculty-student seminar that discussed individualism and collectivism.

Cited by 1,203 publications

References 32 publications

Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks

Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks

O individualismo e o coletivismo como indicadores de culturas nacionais: convergências e divergências teórico-metodológicas

Emotional Intensity of Trauma Memory as Moderator of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Cognitions and PTSD Symptoms

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