Multileg Interleaved Buck Converter for EV Charging: Discrete-Time Model and Direct Control Design

Cuoghi, Stefania; Mandrioli, Riccardo; Ntogramatzidis, Lorenzo; Grandi, Gabriele

doi:10.3390/en13020466

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This control scheme has been developed digitally and experimentally validated in a hardware in loop (HIL) testbed. The study in [220], describes a discretetime model of the converter followed by the introduction of one primary PID controller and multiple secondary PI controllers which regulate current for each leg of the converter and maintain robustness under load variations. During pre-charging, the current controller guarantees a gradual ramp up of battery current and later, constant current flow increases the battery voltage until the constant voltage mode is initiated.…”

Section: Control Of Non-isolated Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Applications

et al. 2022

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Wide-scale adoption and projected growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitate research and development of power electronic converters to achieve high power, low-cost, and reliable charging solutions for the EV battery. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EV off-board chargers that consist of acdc and dc-dc power stages from the power network to the EV battery. Although EV chargers are categorized into two types, namely, on-board and off-board chargers, it is essential to utilize off-board chargers for dc fast and ultra-fast charging so that volume and weight of EV can be reduced significantly. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art topologies and control methods of both ac-dc and dc-dc power stages for off-board chargers, focusing on technical details, ongoing progress, and challenges. In addition, most of the recent multiport EV chargers integrating PV, energy storage, EV, and grid are presented. Moreover, comparative analysis has been carried out for the topologies and the control schemes of ac-dc rectifiers, dc-dc converters, and multiport converters in terms of architecture, power and voltage levels, efficiency, bidirectionality, control variables, advantages, and disadvantages which can be used as a guideline for future research directions in EV charging solutions.INDEX TERMS Charging stations, converter control, converter topologies, DC fast chargers, electric vehicle (EV), EV fast chargers, multilevel AC-DC converter, multiport converter, off-board charger.

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Section: Control Of Non-isolated Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Applications

et al. 2022

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“…This problem is well-known for interleaved converters and has been widely reported in the literature. For instance, authors in [9], [10] proposed to mitigate current imbalances between parallel legs in an interleaved buck converter by a feedback control scheme. A similar concept has been applied to an interleaved ac-dc converter in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Balancing Control for Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules in Modular Multilevel Converters

Viatkin¹,

Ricco²,

Mandrioli³

et al. 2022

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This paper presents a closed-loop current balancing control for Modular Multilevel Converters with Interleaved half-bridge Sub-Modules (ISM-MMC). The new control loop solves the well-known problem of proper current balancing among interleaved half-bridge legs in each ISM-MMC submodule while preserving a simple and reliable structure. In addition to that, a novel capacitor voltage balancing strategy for MMCs is developed. The new algorithm contains main advantages of the classical capacitor voltage balancing methods while provides an opportunity to decouple two balancing tasks of ISM-MMC, namely capacitor voltage and interleaved legs current balancing. The proposed control methods feature good dynamic performance and are compliant with a digital processor's operational constraints. The effectiveness of the new balancing methods was verified during extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests on a laboratory prototype by the corresponding system response under the input/output characteristics variation and interleaved current control perturbation.

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“…The switching average model is used to establish the small signal model of a non-ideal FSBB converter in all working conditions. A digital control strategy [17] is modeled and implemented for a multi-leg interleaved DC-DC buck converter for electrical vehicle (EV) charging based on a discrete averaged model. The control system objective is the current flow regulation in each leg of the converter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Average Current in Non-Ideal Buck and Synchronous Buck Converters for Low Power Application

2021

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In this paper, a comparative analysis of the average switch/inductor current between ideal and non-ideal buck and synchronous buck converters is performed and verified against a standard LTspice model. The mathematical modeling of the converters was performed using volt-sec and amp-sec balance equations and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The transients in the output voltage and the inductor current were observed. The transfer function of the switch current to the duty cycle (Gid) in open loop configuration for low-power converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) was modeled using thestate space averaging (SSA) technique and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. Initially, using the volt-sec and amp-sec, balance equations for the converters were modeled. The switch current to duty ratio (Gid) was derived using the SSA technique and verified using standard average models available in LTspice software. Though the Gid was derived using various methods in earlier works, the analyses of parameters such as low frequency gain, stability, resonant frequency and the location of poles and zeros were not presented. It was observed that the converters were stable, and the non-ideal converter showed smaller resonant frequency than the ideal converter due to the equivalent series resistances (ESR) of the inductor and the capacitor. The non-ideal converters showed higher stability than the ideal converters due to the placement of the poles closer to the s-plane. However, the Gid of the non-ideal converters remained the same in the open loop configuration.

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Multileg Interleaved Buck Converter for EV Charging: Discrete-Time Model and Direct Control Design

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Applications

A Comprehensive Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Applications

Current Balancing Control for Interleaved Half-Bridge Submodules in Modular Multilevel Converters

Modeling of Average Current in Non-Ideal Buck and Synchronous Buck Converters for Low Power Application

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