“…This is because its size is constrained to be within a quarter to a half of wavelength for an acceptable radiation efficiency. From this observation, one can simply infer that microwave antennas cannot be integrated directly on silicon, but must be implemented on a different substrate such as, for example, a flexible or conformal printed circuit board (PCB) [15][16][17]. Thus, in future wireless terminals and sensors, the mass and the volume of the antenna will be very significant compared with that of the SoC (i.e.…”