Multifunctionalized carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone implant for rapid osseointegration under infected environment

Construction of Multifunctional Zinc Ion Sustained-Release Biocoating on the Surface of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone with Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Activity, Angiogenesis, and Osteogenesis

“…Referring to the previous literature, GC was prepared by the chloroacetic acid acidification method of graphene oxide (GO) . GO (0.2 g, Turing, China) was dispersed in ultrapure water and sonicated for 4 h, and after that, NaOH (6.0 g) and chloroacetic acid (10.0 g, Energy Chemical, China) were added to the GO suspension and stirred overnight.…”

“…In recent years, bone tissue engineered implants as substitutes for biomedical metal materials have been widely used in orthopedic surgeries. , Carbon fiber reinforced-polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK), with a comparable elastic modulus to human cortical bone, is promising in the repair of load-bearing bone defect areas on account of its illustrious biomechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. , However, with the gradual improvement of bone implant material standards, the bioinert surface of CFRPEEK, which is unable to form a stable structural and functional connection between the implant and surrounding tissues, has limited its clinical application. Therefore, CFRPEEK as an implant requires further functionalization to optimize its bioactivity. , In fact, in order to achieve better osseointegration, many strategies have been proposed in the surface bioengineering of PEEK medical implants, such as physicochemical, coating deposition, and biological functionalization methods. , Osteogenesis is a complex dynamic process; however, most of the present research only focuses on the regulation of osteoblast lineage cells without paying more attention to other biological processes related to osteointegration, like the immunological inflammatory response and angiogenesis …”

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Applications of ZnO Nanostructures: A Review

“…233 In vitro and in vivo studies on well-established bacteria isolated from orthopedic implant infections (S. aureus and E. coli) confirmed that hybrid PDA@ZnO NPs on the functionalized surface provided an effective antibacterial effect by means of three potential pathways: (a) ROS damage the intracellular contents, including proteins, DNA, ATP, etc., through intense oxidative stress reactions after being internalized into the bacterial cell membrane; (b) zinc ions released from the ZnO nanoparticles can cause mechanical damage to the bacterial cell wall, thus penetrating cell membranes to inhibit active transport and glucose metabolism and disrupt metal ion homeostasis and enzyme systems when the concentration reaches a specific level; (c) ZnO nanoparticles directly contact bacterial cell walls, causing damage to the membrane integrity and subsequent death. 233 Interestingly, ZnO NPs were coupled with antibiotics to exhibit synergistic efficacy and support the antibiotic resistance fight. 234−238 Finally, antibacterial ZnO NP-based materials were widely proposed for water purification, acting as both photocatalysts and antibacterial agents.…”

“…The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs-based materials turned out to be highly suitable for the development of biocompatible implants. ,, Recently, carbon-fiber-reinforced poly­(ether ether ketone) (CFRPEEK) was proposed as an excellent candidate for orthopedic and dental implants. In order to inhibit implant-associated infections, ZnO NPs were distributed uniformly in the self-assembled polydopamine coating and stably immobilized on the CFRPEEK surface to achieve long-lasting antibacterial activity and reduce cytotoxic actions along with the efficient antimicrobial actions . In vitro and in vivo studies on well-established bacteria isolated from orthopedic implant infections (S.…”

“…aureus and E. coli) confirmed that hybrid PDA@ZnO NPs on the functionalized surface provided an effective antibacterial effect by means of three potential pathways: (a) ROS damage the intracellular contents, including proteins, DNA, ATP, etc., through intense oxidative stress reactions after being internalized into the bacterial cell membrane; (b) zinc ions released from the ZnO nanoparticles can cause mechanical damage to the bacterial cell wall, thus penetrating cell membranes to inhibit active transport and glucose metabolism and disrupt metal ion homeostasis and enzyme systems when the concentration reaches a specific level; (c) ZnO nanoparticles directly contact bacterial cell walls, causing damage to the membrane integrity and subsequent death . Interestingly, ZnO NPs were coupled with antibiotics to exhibit synergistic efficacy and support the antibiotic resistance fight. − Finally, antibacterial ZnO NP-based materials were widely proposed for water purification, acting as both photocatalysts and antibacterial agents. ,,, …”