Multifunctionalities of Graphene for Exploiting a Facile Conversion Reaction Route of Perovskite CoSnO₃ for Highly Reversible Na Ion Storage

Abstract

Transition-metal oxides are promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and have attracted a great deal of attention because of their natural abundance and high theoretical capacities. However, they suffer from low conductivity and large volumetric/structural variation during sodiation/desodiation processes, leading to unsatisfactory cycling stability and poor rate capability. This study proposes a novel conversion reaction using CoSnO 3 (CSO) nanocubes uniformly wrapped in graphene nanosheets, which are fabricated using a wet-chemical strategy followed by low-temperature heat treatment. This optimized composite exhibits durable cyclability and high rate capability, which can be attributed to the strong interaction between reduced graphene oxide and CSO through its surface oxygen moieties. It develops a facile conversion reaction route, thereby leading to SnO 2 formation during charging. This interactive phenomenon further contributes to improving the reaction kinetics and restraining the volume expansion during cycling. This study may provide a facile approach for addressing irreversible conversion of high-capacity oxide materials toward advanced SIBs.

The Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions: a Review

“…When utilized as the SiBs' anode material, as shown in Figure 9j, k, this composite exhibits 628 mAh g À 1 outstanding reversible cycle capacity at 100 mA g À 1 after 100 cycles and high rate capability of 227 mAh g À 1 at 10 A g À 1 . [107]…”

“…RGO and CSO metal ions demonstrate a robust interaction as shown in Figure 9e, the RGO matrix and CSO share oxygen atoms while constructing the composite structure, in addition, the RGO composite extracts lattice oxygen from CSO, causing the bands of the metals (3d/5p) and oxygen (2p) to cross and oxygen vacancies to occur at the CSO′s interstitial site, boosting the conductivity throughout the composite, the improvement of the reaction kinetics is furthered by this interaction, reducing volume expansion during discharge or charge and boosting the capability of reversible cycling. When utilized as the SiBs’ anode material, as shown in Figure 9j, k, this composite exhibits 628 mAh g −1 outstanding reversible cycle capacity at 100 mA g −1 after 100 cycles and high rate capability of 227 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 [107] …”

Recent Advances in Heterostructured Anode Materials with Multiple Anions for Advanced Alkali‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 200 ] 3) Most importantly, transition metal oxide materials inevitably undergo large volume expansion during discharging and charging processes and trigger pulverization of electrode materials, leading to poor cycle life. [ 201–203 ] As a strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties of transition metal oxide materials, researchers came up with the idea of using multi‐anion‐type M‐O‐OH (transition metal oxyhydroxide) electrodes. In comparison with transition metal oxides that usually require calcination at relatively high temperature, the synthetic condition for M‐O‐OH is not as harsh.…”

Catalytic CoSn Perovskites for High-Performance Asymmetric Hybrid Supercapacitor and Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Experimental Investigation and DFT Validation

“…In other binary transition metals, Co–Sn-based binary metals are well-established materials in Li and Na ion batteries due to their interconnected arrangement, high specific surface area, controllable morphology, and electronic properties. − Thus, Co–Sn-based binary metals can be a good material for hybrid supercapacitor and OER applications. Furthermore, these Co–Sn binary metals can be synthesized in two phases: one is crystalline perovskite hydroxide CoSn­(OH) 6 and another is amorphous perovskite oxide CoSnO 3– x .…”