“…This amplication enables the examination of biomolecules such as small compounds, large protein molecules, and even cellular entities. 127,128 In this regard, Lu et al 129 introduced a novel integrated microuidic sensor utilizing SERS, featuring a multifunctional nanocone array (MNA). This remarkable design enables the simultaneous identication of prostate-specic antigen (PSA) and thrombin.…”
Thrombin, as a proteolytic enzyme, plays an essential role in catalyzing many blood clotting reactions. Thrombin can be a marker for some blood-related diseases for instance leukemia, thrombosis, Alzheimer's and...
“…This amplication enables the examination of biomolecules such as small compounds, large protein molecules, and even cellular entities. 127,128 In this regard, Lu et al 129 introduced a novel integrated microuidic sensor utilizing SERS, featuring a multifunctional nanocone array (MNA). This remarkable design enables the simultaneous identication of prostate-specic antigen (PSA) and thrombin.…”
Thrombin, as a proteolytic enzyme, plays an essential role in catalyzing many blood clotting reactions. Thrombin can be a marker for some blood-related diseases for instance leukemia, thrombosis, Alzheimer's and...
“…Lu et al developed a new and versatile nanocone array that serves as a solid immunoassay plate and SERS substrate. 320 The nanocone array is coated with a thin Au film, which enhances the surface area and enables efficient antigen capture and conjugation with capture aptamers. This innovative technology enables the simultaneous detection of PSA and thrombin.…”
Section: Applications Of Sers In Disease Diagnosticsmentioning
“…SVM in combination with SERS has been used for the early detection of oral cancer among patients using serum and saliva samples and achieved an accuracy of 80% [ 227 ]. Prostate cancer has been extensively studied and successfully identified using different techniques, such as serum analysis combined with PCA-SVM [ 228 ]; detection of prostate specific antigens [ 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 ]; EVs combined with CNN [ 230 ]; miRNAs [ 233 ]; different multivariate techniques, e.g., PCA-LDA and PCA-SVM [ 234 ]; and urine profiling [ 235 ].…”
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS) has evolved into a popular tool for applications in biology and medicine owing to its ease-of-use, non-destructive, and label-free approach. Advances in plasmonics and instrumentation have enabled the realization of SERS’s full potential for the trace detection of biomolecules, disease diagnostics, and monitoring. We provide a brief review on the recent developments in the SERS technique for biosensing applications, with a particular focus on machine learning techniques used for the same. Initially, the article discusses the need for plasmonic sensors in biology and the advantage of SERS over existing techniques. In the later sections, the applications are organized as SERS-based biosensing for disease diagnosis focusing on cancer identification and respiratory diseases, including the recent SARS-CoV-2 detection. We then discuss progress in sensing microorganisms, such as bacteria, with a particular focus on plasmonic sensors for detecting biohazardous materials in view of homeland security. At the end of the article, we focus on machine learning techniques for the (a) identification, (b) classification, and (c) quantification in SERS for biology applications. The review covers the work from 2010 onwards, and the language is simplified to suit the needs of the interdisciplinary audience.
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