Multicomponent Catalytic Synthesis of 1,5-Benzodiazepines: An Update

Abstract

1,5-Benzodiazepines are considered some of the most vital classes of heterocyclic compounds due to their amazing biological and varied pharmacological activities. They are regarded as privileged structures and therefore have been striking synthetic targets for organic and medicinal chemists over the last decade. This results in the exploration of various silica supported catalysts, Lewis acids, organoacids, magnetic nanoparticles and other miscellaneous catalysts that have been investigated till date for an efficient and green synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine and its derivatives. The current review article primarily covers the one-pot green chemical synthesis of 1,5- benzodiazepines using various novel catalysts. The main motive of this review is the assessment of the literature on various catalysts along with their yield, reaction condition, and mechanism of action. In the end, the entire catalysts are structured systematically into various Lewis acids, Bronsted organoacids, supported catalysts, nanocatalysts, and miscellaneous catalysts and are presented in the form of tables for quick ‘at a glance’ study of catalysts, their reaction condition, time taken, etc.

Synthetic aspects of 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines usingo-phenylenediamine: a study of past quinquennial

“…Several reviews have been published 28,50–52 on the synthesis of BZDs but they cannot encapsulate the latest research work done on this moiety. Singh et al 50 presented synthetic approaches for the synthesis of 1,5-BZDs from 2013 to 2018.…”

“…Over the past few years, many improvements have been made in the synthesis of BZDs with respect to reaction efficiency, purity, eco-friendly process, ambient reaction conditions. 48,49 Several reviews have been published 28,[50][51][52] on the synthesis of BZDs but they cannot encapsulate the latest research work done on this moiety. Singh et al 50 presented synthetic approaches for the synthesis of 1,5-BZDs from 2013 to 2018.…”

“…48,49 Several reviews have been published 28,[50][51][52] on the synthesis of BZDs but they cannot encapsulate the latest research work done on this moiety. Singh et al 50 presented synthetic approaches for the synthesis of 1,5-BZDs from 2013 to 2018. The present review displays recent methodologies for the synthesis of 1,5-BZDs as well as 1,4-BZDs using OPD as a precursor from 2018 to 2022.…”

Ammonium Acetate Catalyzed Formation of 1,5‐Benzodiazepines through [4+2+1] Cycloaddition Involving 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…Aldehydes being commonly employed synthons in organic synthesis, their use in multi‐component reactions to construct 1,5‐benzodiazepines has been reported many times. In addition, various Lewis acids, Brønsted acids, supported catalysts and nano‐catalysts have been demonstrated as good mediators to successfully promote the formation of 1,5‐benzodiazepines in different multi‐component reactions involving aldehydes [22,23] . For example, in 2016, Wang et al.…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Benzodiazepines Synthesis

“…In recent years, the development of a new methodology, using transition metal catalysis, has broadened the range of synthetic pathways to obtain benzodiazepine derivatives (Scheme 1) [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The literature reports few reviews regarding the synthesis of benzodiazepines [54][55][56][57][58].…”