“…Some researchers attempted to build the framework of decentralized decision making with multi-agent systems. Their work defined an overall architecture, internal functions, and necessary information for agent-based supply chain coordination systems (Fox, Barbuceanu, & Teigen, 2000;Monteiro, Roy, & Anciaux, 2007;Sadeh, Hildum, Kjenstad, & Tseng, 2001;Schneeweiss, 2003;Shen, Hao, Yoon, & Norrie, 2006;Swaminathan, Smith, & Sadeh, 1998). However, to the best of our knowledge, we cannot find any research papers which address the development of multi-agent systems for solving the operation problems under the 3PL environment like our paper.…”