Multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles of Shigellae confer passive protection to the neonatal mice against shigellosis

Immunomodulatory role of outer membrane vesicles of Shigella in mouse model

“…OMVs of Shigella have an immunomodulatory role in eliciting protective immune response in a mouse model [12,14]. The compositions of OMVs make significant activators of host innate and acquired immune response pathways.…”

“…Mice were immunized following the same strategy as explained in our previous publication [12]. Blood was collected on six consecutive days till day 28, after the last dose of immunization [12].…”

“…Blood was collected on six consecutive days till day 28, after the last dose of immunization [12]. TNFa, IL-1b, IFN-c, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-4 were measured in both immunized and non-immunized mouse serum with specific ELISA kits (Invitrogen, USA) following the instruction manual; Briefly, 50 ll of standards or test samples were added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells (supplied with the kit) followed by the addition of 50 ll biotin conjugate and incubated for 90 min at room temperature.…”

Heat killed multi-serotype Shigella immunogens induced humoral immunity and protection against heterologous challenge in rabbit model

“…These strains were obtained from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) culture collection division. Invasiveness of these strains was confirmed phenotypically by Sereny test, invasion assay in a Caco2 cell line (Mitra et al, 2013) and in a guinea pig colitis model (Barman et al, 2011). The genotypic characterizations of all strains were observed through PCR based methods with the primers for virulence genes (Mitra et al, 2012).…”

“…Antibody titer in HKMS-immunized and non-immunized serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as described previously by Mitra et al 2013 against each heterologous challenge strains. Briefly, each well of a disposable polystyrene microtiter plate (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) was coated with 100 l of each of the challenge strain (10 9 live cells/ml) and incubated for 18 h at 4 • C. Control wells were coated with 100 l of PBS (pH 7.4).…”