Immunomodulatory role of outer membrane vesicles of Shigella in mouse model

Mitra, Soma; Sinha, Ritam; Nag, Dhrubajyoti; Koley, Hemanta

doi:10.1016/j.trivac.2015.07.001

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…IL-1β was further reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of asiaticoside in both infected and uninfected macrophages, being significantly so in the infected cells. This data was in agreement with Mitra, who found no effects on IL-1β production in mice immunised with Shigella vesicle-based vaccine ( Mitra et al . 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Asiaticoside Against Shigella flexneri-Infected Macrophages

Michael

Zakaria

Abbas

et al. 2021

TLSR

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Macrophages provide the first line of defense against Shigella flexneri infection in the gastrointestinal tract by inducing a variety of inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Secondary metabolites of plants are used as drugs against infections that are resistant to common antibiotics. In this study, the innate effects of asiaticoside on the proinflammatory activity of mouse macrophages infected with S. flexneri were investigated. The viability of the infected mouse macrophages were examined using viability assay, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines productions were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of IL-1β, IL-12 p40 and TNF-α levels. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein were determined using the Griess assay and western blot, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20. The data obtained from independent experiments (n = 3) were presented as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). The results showed that, asiaticoside stimulated the infected macrophages by stimulating increased production of TNF-α, IL-12 p40 and NO as well as increased expression of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast the viability of the cells and the production of IL-1β and were reduced also in a dose-dependent manner when compared to untreated cells. These results indicate that asiaticoside has immunomodulatory effects on the innate immune function of infected macrophages, showing the potential use of this compound to reduce the clinical symptoms of the infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similar to these findings, studies have found enhanced TNF-α levels in Shigella infections ( McArthur et al . 2017 ) and Shigella outer membrane vesicle-based vaccines ( Mitra et al . 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Asiaticoside Against Shigella flexneri-Infected Macrophages

Michael

Zakaria

Abbas

et al. 2021

TLSR

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“…The consistent and steady rise of IgG in the serum with balanced antibody isotypic profiles in mice mucosally administered with OMVs indicate mixed Th1/Th2-type responses, which could possibly be due to the intrinsic property of the proteins associated with OMVs as well as the adjuvant effect of CS. , However, it is unclear how mucosal administration of OMVs affects the systemic antibody responses; one possible reason could be systemic migration of antigen-primed local B cells present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue via lymphatic circulation . Since pathogen-specific expansion and contraction of immune cells are the hallmarks of the effective activation of the immune system, we evaluated the priming effects of OMV immunization by systematic analysis of cell proliferation, the ability to produce NO, expression of cytokine genes, and finally the immunophenotypic profile of T cells. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbe-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Potential Platform to Control Cecal Load of Campylobacter jejuni

et al. 2021

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Acute diarrheal illness and gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni infection remain significant public health risks in developing countries with substantial mortality and morbidity in humans, particularly in children under the age of five. Genetic diversities among Campylobacter jejuni and limited understanding of immunological correlations of host protection remain primary impediments for developing an effective measure to controlCampylobacter infection. Moreover, the lack of a reliable in vivo model to mimic natural infection against Campylobacter jejuni has substantially delayed the vaccine-development process. Given the role of bacterial outer membrane associated proteins in intestinal adherence and invasion as well as modulating dynamic interplay between host and pathogens, bacterial outer-membrane vesicles have emerged as a potential vaccine target against a number of gut pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni. Here, we describe a mucosal vaccine strategy using chitosan-coated outer-membrane vesicles to induce specific immune responses against Campylobacter jejuni in mice. To overcome the challenges of mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles in terms of exposure to variable pH and risk of enzymatic degradation, we preferentially used chitosan as a nontoxic, mucoadhesive polymer. We show that intragastric delivery of chitosan-coated outer-membrane vesicles imparts significant immune protection against Campylobacter jejuni with high level local and systemic antibody production. Further, immunization with the outer membrane vesicles resulted in potent cellular responses with an increased CD4 + and CD8 + T cell population. Moreover, significant upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-6 gene expression suggests that mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles promotes a Th1/Th2 mixed-type immune response. Together, as an acellular and nonreplicating canonical end product of bacterial secretion, mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles may represent a promising platform for developing an effective vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni.

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“…The humoral immunity is activated, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiate and contribute to the immune response. In addition, CD4+T and CD8+T cell responses are also triggered by OMVs [ 55 ]. OMVs can also suppress T cell response, Neisseria meningitides can negatively impact T cell production by changing the receptors [ 46 ].…”

Section: Uptake Of Omvs By Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Emerging Vaccine Platform

et al. 2022

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Vaccine adjuvants are substances that improve the immune capacity of a recombinant vaccine to a great extent and have been in use since the early 1900s; they are primarily short-lived and initiate antigen activity, mainly an inflammatory response. With the developing technologies and innovation, early options such as alum were modified, yet the inorganic nature of major vaccine adjuvants caused several side effects. Outer membrane vesicles, which respond to the stressed environment, are small nano-sized particles secreted by gram-negative bacteria. The secretory nature of OMV gives us many benefits in terms of infection bioengineering. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of bacteria’s outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and their potential usage as adjuvants in making OMV-based vaccines. The OMV adjuvant-based vaccines can be a great benefactor, and there are ongoing trials for formulating OMV adjuvant-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. This study emphasizes engineering the OMVs to develop better versions for safety purposes. This article will also provide a gist about the advantages and disadvantages of such vaccines, along with other aspects.

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Immunomodulatory role of outer membrane vesicles of Shigella in mouse model

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Immunomodulatory Effects of Asiaticoside Against Shigella flexneri-Infected Macrophages

Immunomodulatory Effects of Asiaticoside Against Shigella flexneri-Infected Macrophages

Gut Microbe-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Potential Platform to Control Cecal Load of Campylobacter jejuni

Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Emerging Vaccine Platform

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