Heat killed multi-serotype Shigella immunogens induced humoral immunity and protection against heterologous challenge in rabbit model

Nag, Dhrubajyoti; Sinha, Ritam; Mitra, Soma; Barman, Soumik; Takeda, Yoshifumi; Shinoda, Sumió; Chakrabarti, Manoj K.; Koley, Hemanta

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.002

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…From this point, it could be interesting to know the exact levels of IL-4 that are necessary for an effective vaccine against Shigella and the central role of IL-4 in host protection. Additionally, cells produced high levels of IFN-γ in all experimental groups, which is a hallmark of Shigella infection [28,[41][42][43]. IFN-γ induced by the vaccine indicates a robust Th1 lymphocyte response, which promotes the production of IgG2a by murine plasma cells [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against Shigella flexneri

et al. 2020

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Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease and the World Health Organization prompts the development of a vaccine against Shigella flexneri. The autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap are conserved among Shigella spp. We previously designed an in silico vaccine with immunodominat epitopes from those autotransporters, and the GroEL protein of S. typhi as an adjuvant. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the chimeric multiepitope protein, named rMESF, in mice against lethal infection with S. flexneri. rMESF was administered to mice alone through the intranasal (i.n.) route or accompanied with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) intradermically (i.d.), subcutaneously (s.c.), and intramuscular (i.m.), as well as with Imject alum (i.m.). All immunized mice increased IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and fecal IgA titers compared to PBS+CFA and PBS+alum control groups. Furthermore, i.n. immunization of mice with rMESF alone presented the highest titers of serum and fecal IgA. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17) and lymphocyte proliferation increased in all experimental groups, with the highest lymphoproliferative response in i.n. mice immunized with rMESF alone, which presented 100% protection against S. flexneri. In summary, this vaccine vests protective immunity and highlights the importance of mucosal immunity activation for the elimination of S. flexneri.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against Shigella flexneri

et al. 2020

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“…It is thus important to not only pay close attention to the newly emerged serotypes but also to keep a record of predominant subtypes circulating in the geographical region. Based on recent Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) finding a heat killed multi-serotype Shigella (HKMS) vaccine was developed at National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata combining the following six Shigella strains: S. dysenteriae 1 (NT4907stx), S. flexneri 2a (B294), S. flexneri 3a (C519), S. flexneri 6 (C347), S. sonnei (IDH00968) and S. boydii 4 (BCH612) [30, 31]. The present study deviates and projects a different picture of the dominant serotypes in the southern part of the country with type 2a, 6 and 3b being the dominant subtypes in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive inter-strain diversity among clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri with reference to its serotype, virulence traits and plasmid incompatibility types, a study from south India over a 6-year period

Das

Mandal

2019

Gut Pathog

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Background Shigella has evolved as a result of acquiring extragenetic material through horizontal gene exchange. These aid in the rapid emergence of bacterial inter-strain diversity in virulence factors and serotype variants through O-antigenic switching. Plasmid incompatibility typing of isolates is insightful in understanding local expansion of virulence plasmids, as whether virulence dissemination involves diverse plasmids or one dominant ‘epidemic’ type. The broad question underlying this study was that of how inter-strain genetic, serotype and plasmid incompatibility type variations can help understand the emergence of Shigella as a highly virulent pathogen. Results A total of 101 confirmed isolates of S. flexneri were included in this study. The distribution of the subtypes were variable, type 2a (48/101, 47.5%), type 6 (15/101, 14.9%), type 1b (8/101, 7.9%), type 1 variant (7/101, 6.9%), type 3b (12/101, 11.9% 0, type 4 (6/101, 6.0%), variant Y (2/101, 1.9%) and variant X (1/101, 1%). All had the ipaH gene (101/101, 100%) followed by ompA (92/101, 91.1%), ial (84/101, 83.4%), sen (82/101, 81.2%), virF (84/101, 83.2%), set1A and set1B (59/101, 58.4%). Out of the total of 49 isolates that showed all the virulence related genes studied here the IncIγ plasmid was detected in all isolates studied followed by FII (33/49, 67.3%), FIIS (20/49, 40.8%). Inc K was positive in two isolates (2/49, 4%) studied. The inc groups IncI1-α, Inc T were detected in 1 isolate each and Inc L and Inc P formed part of the multireplicon in the same isolate. Conclusions In order to estimate the burden of the disease caused by the new serotypes, it is important to have knowledge of the locally prevalent serotype. This will prove helpful in developing strategies for prevention of same especially since, the immunity in such diseases is serotype specific. Thus, the emergence of non-typable atypical serotypes of S. flexneri from natural infections needs to be investigated further. This study highlights the emergence of genetic variants exhibiting resistance to many antibiotics which needs to be studied for understanding the ever-changing landscape of this pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0314-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…At present, studies in humans and animals have shown that protection by vaccination is possible. Potential candidates for Shigella vaccines include glycoconjugate vaccines, such as recombinant glycoconjugate, synthetic glycoconjugate, O -polysaccharide covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins,177,178 virG-based live attenuated (WRSS1, WRSs3, WRSf3, WRSf2G12, WRSf2G15and WRSd1),179,180 recombinant outer-membrane proteins,181 live attenuated vaccines,182,183 invasion-plasmid antigens B, C, and D,184 DNA-based vaccines, Ty21a typhoid vaccine expressing Shigella LPS,185 recombinant probiotic–based candidates,186 and whole-cell-killed and Shigella trivalent inactivated whole-cell and heat-killed multiserotype Shigella ,187,188 as well as novel antigen candidates, such as triacylated S-LPS, subcellular complexes purified from virulent cultures (Invaplex),189 GMMA protein particles,190 and an OMV-NP vaccine (Table 3). 191…”

Section: Novel Therapeutic Strategies For Shigella Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p><em>Shigella</em>: Antibiotic-Resistance Mechanisms And New Horizons For Treatment</p>

Ranjbar¹,

Farahani²

2019

IDR

124

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Shigella spp. are a common cause of diarrheal disease and have remained an important pathogen responsible for increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by dysentery each year around the globe. Antibiotic treatment of Shigella infections plays an essential role in reducing prevalence and death rates of the disease. However, treatment of these infections remains a challenge, due to the global rise in broad-spectrum resistance to many antibiotics. Drug resistance in Shigella spp. can result from many mechanisms, such as decrease in cellular permeability, extrusion of drugs by active efflux pumps, and overexpression of drug-modifying and -inactivating enzymes or target modification by mutation. Therefore, there is an increasing need for identification and evolution of alternative therapeutic strategies presenting innovative avenues against Shigella infections, as well as paying further attention to this infection. The current review focuses on various antibiotic-resistance mechanisms of Shigella spp. with a particular emphasis on epidemiology and new mechanisms of resistance and their acquisition, and also discusses the status of novel strategies for treatment of Shigella infection and vaccine candidates currently under evaluation in preclinical or clinical phases.

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Heat killed multi-serotype Shigella immunogens induced humoral immunity and protection against heterologous challenge in rabbit model

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against Shigella flexneri

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against Shigella flexneri

Extensive inter-strain diversity among clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri with reference to its serotype, virulence traits and plasmid incompatibility types, a study from south India over a 6-year period

<p><em>Shigella</em>: Antibiotic-Resistance Mechanisms And New Horizons For Treatment</p>

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