Multi-Organ Protective Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Drug-Induced Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate the cardio-protective, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of curcumin nanoparticle (NC) pretreatment compared to conventional curcumin (CC) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fifty-six Wister Bratislava rats were divided into eight groups. The first four groups—C (control group), AMI (group with AMI), T1DM (group with T1DM), and T1DM-AMI (group with T1DM and AMI)—received only saline (S) during the whole experiment. Two groups—S-T1DM-CC-AMI and S-T1DM-NC-AMI—were pretreated with S before T1DM induction. The S-T1DM-CC-AMI group received CC (200 mg/Kg bw (bw—body weight)) after T1DM induction, while the S-T1DM-NC-AMI group received NC (200 mg/Kg bw) after T1DM induction. the CC-T1DM-CC-AMI group received CC (200 mg/Kg bw) during the whole experiment. Similarly, the NC-T1DM-NC-AMI group received NC (200 mg/Kg bw) over the entire experiment. T1DM was induced on day 7 using a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). AMI was induced with isoproterenol (ISO) on day 22. Both curcumin formulations, CC and NC, prevented the following electrocardiographic changes: prolongation of the QRS complex, enlargement of QT and QTc intervals, and ST-segment elevation. Glucose levels and lipid profile parameters were reduced up to 1.9 times, while C-peptide serum levels were increased up to 1.6 times in groups that received CC or NC. Liver function parameters (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase) and kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea) were reduced 4.8 times, and histological changes of liver and kidney tissue were improved by CC or NC administration. Pretreatment with NC proved significantly higher cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects in the case of AMI in T1DM.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles Associated with Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation

“…Curcumin administration was observed to prevent the elevation of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ( Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 ) since curcumin can reduce inflammatory responses by interfering with NF-κB activation, a critical pathway in the regulation of transcription of pro-inflammatory related genes [ 34 ]. The increased anti-inflammatory effect of nC can be explained by its increased tissue distribution [ 35 , 36 , 37 ] compared to cC.…”

Curcumin Nanoparticles Enhance Antioxidant Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation

“…Curcumin reduced paw edema by diminution of vascular permeability and reduction of leukocyte migration to the site of inflammation [ 33 ]. Better antiedematogenic results obtained for nC can be explained by the increased tissue distribution of the curcumin nanoparticles into the body and, therefore, at the site of local inflammation [ 34 ].…”

Effect of nano‐curcumin on various diseases: A comprehensive review of clinical trials

“…We summarized the results of three randomized clinical trials involving 144 participants that evaluated the efficacy of nano‐curcumin on metabolic syndrome (Table 6). Metabolic syndrome consists of several biochemical and physiological abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, high glucose levels, and high blood pressure associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes 121 . Based on animal experiments, nano‐curcumin was demonstrated to improve multiple organ functions, including renal, cardiac, and liver functions 122 .…”

“…Metabolic syndrome consists of several biochemical and physiological abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, high glucose levels, and high blood pressure associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. 121 Based on animal experiments, nano-curcumin was demonstrated to improve multiple organ functions, including renal, cardiac, and liver functions. 122 So, it has seemed that nano-curcumin would be beneficial in treating metabolic syndrome.…”