Multi-level Governance, Regions and Science in France: Between Competition and Equality

Abstract

regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. and Perry, B. (2007) Multi-level governance, regions and science in France: between competition and equality, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. This article examines the relevance of the concept of multi-level governance for understanding changes in science policy in France. It explores the emergence of a pattern of multi-level governance, particularly in relation to arenas for negotiation between national and regional levels. Compromises are made between the principles of competition and equality and there is great diversity across regions in terms of the capacities for developing bottom-up strategies for science-based development. The article highlights the prerequisites for the development of a multi-level polity and emphasizes the continued role that central government retains in the global design of science policy. regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. et Perry B. (2007) La gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux de la politique de l'science en Angleterre, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. Cet article cherche a esquisser les derniers changements de la gouvernance de la politique de science en Angleterre et a evaluer la naissance recente des politiques de science regionales. Sur le plan infra-national, le debut des annees 2000 a ete marque par une importante mobilisation, representation et creation institutionnelle par moyen des conseils pour la science et l'industrie regionaux. Des fonctions de politique complementaires se sont developpees sur les plans national et regional, et on commence a deceler des felures dans le controle de l'Etat, surtout a la lumiere du renforcement du rapport entre la science et le developpement economique. Il s'est fait le jour un systeme minimal de gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux qui embrasse et protege les paradigmes de politique anterieurs. L'importance des derniers developpements infra-nationaux est limitee par les structures de gouvernance, par les cadres pour l'action et par les discours de politique dominants qui se combinent pour contraindre le developpement de strategies en faveur de la croissance regionale et locale basee sur la science. Gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux Politique de S et T Developpement economique Regions Grandes villes Angleterre regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. und Perry B. (2007) Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen, Regionen und Wissenschaft in Frankreich: zwischen Wettbewerb und Gleichheit, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir die Relevanz des Konzepts einer Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen fur das Verstandnis der Veranderungen in der Wissenschaftspolitik Frankreichs. Erkundet wird das Auftreten eines Musters der Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen, insbesondere in Bezug auf Arenen fur Verhandlungen zwischen nationalen und regionalen Ebenen. Es werden Kompromisse geschlossen zwischen den Prinzipien des Wettbewerbs und der Gleichheit, und es gibt eine grosse Vielfalt zwischen den Regionen hinsichtlich der Kapazitaten zur Entwicklung von Bottom-up-Strategien fur eine wissenschaftsbasierte Entwicklung. In dem Artikel hebe...

Regional Policy and University Knowledge Transfer: Perspectives from Devolved Regions in the UK

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Local Management of National Cluster Policies: Comparative Case Studies of Japanese, German, and French Biotechnology Clusters

“…First, we focused on national cluster policy and its implementation by local cluster organizations and ignored regional policies by regional government or local authorities. As mentioned before, regional cluster policy plays an important role especially in Germany [8,43], but also in France [10]. From the multilevel governance perspective, we should consider national cluster policy with supranational (like the EU), regional, or local initiatives, although supranational cluster policies do not exist in Japan, where regional and local initiatives play a very limited role in science and technology policy [63].…”

“…The discussion in this paper and in this section focuses on national cluster policies, but we should also be aware of the roles of regional cluster policy, especially for Germany [8,43,64] and France [10].…”

“…This is a more ambitious and costly cluster policy than the LPS, and a quarter of LPS projects have been transformed into "competitiveness clusters." This cluster policy provided various technology fields with public support for six years from 2006 to 2011 (see [12] for the details of the competitiveness cluster program; see [9,10] for the development of science and technology policy in France, including the competitiveness clusters policy). This program's selection procedure is a relatively bottom-up process with limited competition.…”

“…To date, most studies on clusters comprise detailed case studies on specific cluster areas such as Silicon Valley [1,2], while others describe cluster policies in various countries (several European countries [3,4]; Germany [5][6][7][8]; or France [9][10][11][12]). Moreover, some recent studies empirically evaluate the effects of cluster policies on participant firms using micro data, such as [13][14][15] for Germany, [16,17] for France, and [18,19] for Japan.…”