Multi-Functional Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene as High-Performance Adsorbents for Artificial Liver Blood Purification

Abstract

In artificial liver blood purification system, highly efficient removal of multiple toxic metabolites from whole blood by hemoperfusion still remains a challenge in the clinical field, due to the limited unspecific absorptive capacity and low biocompatibility of adsorbents. In this work, a new pyridinyl-modified hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP) adsorbent, named HCP(St-DVB-VP), was constructed directly through a Friedel-Crafts post-crosslinking reaction using a small-molecule crosslinking agent for the first time. The preparation method provides in this study can avert the problem posed by the use of the toxic carcinogenic chloromethyl ether reagent in the traditional HCP resin synthesis process. The results indicated that HCP(St-DVB-VP) had a highly porous structure with a specific surface area of 761 m2 g−1. Notably, the adsorbent demonstrated excellent adsorptive properties towards both protein-bound toxins (bilirubin) and medium- and large-sized molecular toxins (PTH, IL-6) in vitro experiments simultaneously. More importantly, the obtained adsorbent showed acceptable hemocompatibility. Taken together, the low-cost and ecofriendly fabrication method, broad-spectrum adsorption performance and hemocompatibility makes the HCP(St-DVB-VP) promising for whole blood perfusion in artificial liver blood purification in clinical practice.

Rational design of hyper‐crosslinked polymers for biomedical applications

“…The HCP(St-DVB-VP) has shown hemocompatibility and excellent adsorption capacity for toxins (e.g., bilirubin, PTH, and IL-6). 74 As a significant class of POPs, HCPs have F I G U R E 9 (A) Schematic representation of the synthesis of hyper-crosslinked metal-organic polyhedra (HCMOPs) membranes. (B) Optical microscopy of self-healing and antimicrobial processes.…”

Hyper-Crosslinked Porous Organic Nanomaterials: Structure-Oriented Design and Catalytic Applications

“…Similarly, macromolecules can be used as precursors to achieve hyper-crosslinked polymers in the form of networked polymers by adding intermolecular covalent bonds. The general synthesis methods are post-crosslinking and crosslinking with the addition of crosslinkers [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Investigation on the Controllable Synthesis of Colorized and Magnetic Polystyrene Beads With Millimeter Size via In Situ Suspension Polymerization

“…As is well known that polystyrene (PS) is one of the most common plastics in the modern chemical industry, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is widely used in building insulation, packaging materials, sound insulation materials, decorative materials, and other fields (Xing et al, 2013;Sun and Lawrence, 2017;Huang et al, 2018;Ito et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Peng et al, 2020;Hamann et al, 2021;Cao et al, 2022;Liu and Peng, 2022). With the increasing competition of PS and EPS markets at home and abroad, requirements for the performance and function of PS and EPS are put forward in the above-mentioned fields.…”