Multi-component effect and reaction mechanism for low-temperature ignition of kerosene with composite enhancer

Li, Xiaojie; Qin, Suyang; Huang, Xiaobin; Li, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.11.001

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At present, three main types of fuel are widely used in real practice: liquid, , solid, , and gaseous fuels. , Liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, hydrazine, heptyl, spirits, ligroin, benzene–gasoline mixtures, fuel oil, and kerosene + methoxydiethylborane/tetrahydrofuran) are normally used in internal combustion engines (automobiles, marine, and generators), reaction engines (aviation), liquid rocket engines, and process plants in thermal power engineering . Solid fuels (coals, oil shale, and metalized composite propellants) are used as energy resources in coal-fired steam and hot-water boilers, blast furnaces, and solid rocket engines .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Initial Gel Fuel Temperature on the Ignition Mechanism and Characteristics of Oil-Filled Cryogel Droplets in the High-Temperature Oxidizer Medium

et al. 2019

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The ignition mechanism was studied for a group of gel fuel compositions in a high-temperature oxidizer medium. It was determined how the initial temperature of the fuel influences the ignition characteristics. The gel fuel (oil-filled cryogel) was prepared from an oil emulsion based on the mixture of a combustible liquid and polyvinyl alcohol. The composition of primary oil emulsions was as follows: the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (5, 10 wt %) + 40–60 vol % of oil + 2 vol % of emulsifier. The initial temperature of gel fuels ranged from 188 to 293 K. Combustion was initiated in high-temperature motionless air at 873–1273 K. Using a high-speed video recording system, we established that at different initial temperatures of the gel fuel, a set of identical processes occurs during the induction period; these are different from the same physical and chemical processes during the ignition of a combustible liquid. After reaching threshold conditions, the flame spreads in the droplet’s vicinity from a hot spot through the gas mixture. Hot spot is an ignited and a small-sized fragment separating and moving away from the molten fuel droplet as a result of a microexplosion. The values of the main process characteristicignition delay timesdiffer 25–95% for fuel samples with the initial temperature of 293 K and temperatures of 188–233 K because of a long heating and melting stage of the latter. This is explained by a 2.5–3.6-fold difference in the amount of energy, which is necessary to supply to a colder fuel sample for this phase transformation to occur, other things being equal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Initial Gel Fuel Temperature on the Ignition Mechanism and Characteristics of Oil-Filled Cryogel Droplets in the High-Temperature Oxidizer Medium

et al. 2019

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“…The physical heat sink of hydrocarbon fuels, which is generated by heat capacity and evaporation enthalpy, is very limited and cannot meet the requirement for high-speed flight. On the other hand, the endothermic chemical reactions of hydrocarbon fuels, including cracking and/or dehydrogenation, can offer much higher cooling capacity, which is crucial for effective regenerative cooling . The reaction conversion determines the chemical heat sink and catalysis can significantly accelerate cracking and dehydrogenation reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the endothermic chemical reactions of hydrocarbon fuels, including cracking and/or dehydrogenation, can offer much higher cooling capacity, which is crucial for effective regenerative cooling. 8 The reaction conversion determines the chemical heat sink and catalysis can significantly accelerate cracking and dehydrogenation reactions. cracking and dehydrogenation are expected to be the important approaches to achieve high heat sink at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Sink Enhancement of Decalin by Symmetrical Imidazolium Ionic Liquid-Capped Metal Nanoparticles

Zhang¹,

Zhai²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Catalytic cracking−dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon fuels with hydrocarbon-soluble metal nanoparticles is an appealing way to improve fuel heat sink in a high-speed aircraft. In this work, two hydrocarbon-soluble metal nanoparticles (Pd@ILs and Pt@ILs) by using symmetrical imidazolium ionic liquids (1,3-bis(14-alkyl) imidazolium bromide) as protective agents were successfully synthesized. The catalytic performance for cracking and dehydrogenation of decalin-based nanofluids was investigated using an electrically heated tubular reactor. In comparison with Pd@14N with the conventional tetradecylamine ligand, Pd@ILs and Pt@ILs catalysts exhibited smaller average particle sizes and showed better performance in terms of dispersion stability, thermal stability, and catalytic activity. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the strong affinity of C atoms in the conjugate imidazole ring to the metal surface allows these nanoparticles to be stably dispersed in decalin for at least 2 months. In the quasi-homogeneous conversion of decalin, Pd@ILs exhibited the best performance in promoting fuel cracking and dehydrogenation conversion with the highest yields of hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbon products, especially aromatic products, thus enhancing the heat sink of nanofluids. Particularly, the heat sink of nanofluids with the Pd@ILs catalyst was 3.39 MJ kg −1 at 700 °C, which was 0.58 MJ kg −1 higher than that from decalin thermal cracking and 0.43 MJ kg −1 higher than that of the nanofluids with the Pd@14N catalyst. In addition, Pd@ILs nanofluids gave the highest heat sink of 3.61 MJ kg −1 at 725 °C. The significant enhancements are attributed to cooperative interplay between the initiation effect of ILs and the remarkable catalytic ability of Pd nanoparticles in cracking−dehydrogenation reaction, as well as the unique properties of Pd@ILs, including smaller Pd particle size, more accessible surface Pd active sites, and higher thermal stability. This work shows that symmetrical imidazolium ionic liquid-capped metal nanoparticles can serve as effective quasi-homogeneous catalysts for enhancing heat sink of hydrocarbon fuels through catalytic cracking and dehydrogenation.

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“…6 However, these approaches are disadvantageous in terms of weight and drag penalty combined with complex operating systems. 7,8 As a result, highly inflammable fuels with a reduced ignition delay time as well as a sufficient burning rate at low temperatures are required. The use of catalysts for the catalytic combustion of hydrocarbon fuels at low temperatures could reduce the oxidation and combustion energy barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the methods is based on generating a recirculation zone in high-speed flow using embedded cavities and incident shock waves. , Another method relies on ignition augmentation, such as the use of plasma ignitors . However, these approaches are disadvantageous in terms of weight and drag penalty combined with complex operating systems. , As a result, highly inflammable fuels with a reduced ignition delay time as well as a sufficient burning rate at low temperatures are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Hypergolic Ignition of 1-Octene with Low Ignition Delay Time

et al. 2020

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The attainment of the efficient ignition of traditional liquid hydrocarbons of scramjet combustors at low flight Mach numbers is a challenging task. In this study, a novel chemical strategy to improve the reliable ignition and efficient combustion of hydrocarbon fuels was proposed. A directional hydroboration reaction was used to convert hydrocarbon fuel into highly active alkylborane, thereby leading to changes in the combustion reaction pathway of hydrocarbon fuel. A directional reaction to achieve the hypergolic ignition of 1-octene was designed and developed by using Gaussian simulation. Borane dimethyl sulfide (BDMS), a high-energy additive, was allowed to react spontaneously with 1-octene to achieve the hypergolic ignition of liquid hydrocarbon fuel at −15 °C. Compared with the ignition delay time of pure 1-octene (565 °C), the ignition delay time of 1-octene/BDMS (9:1.2) decreased by 3850% at 50 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry confirmed the directional reaction of the hypergolic ignition reaction pathway of 1-octene and BDMS. Moreover, optical measurements showed the development trend of hydroxyl radicals (OH·) in the lower temperature hypergolic ignition and combustion of 1-octene. Finally, this study indicates that the enhancement of the low-temperature ignition performance of 1-octene by hydroboration in the presence of BDMS is feasible and promising for jet propellant design with tremendous future applications.

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Multi-component effect and reaction mechanism for low-temperature ignition of kerosene with composite enhancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of the Initial Gel Fuel Temperature on the Ignition Mechanism and Characteristics of Oil-Filled Cryogel Droplets in the High-Temperature Oxidizer Medium

Effects of the Initial Gel Fuel Temperature on the Ignition Mechanism and Characteristics of Oil-Filled Cryogel Droplets in the High-Temperature Oxidizer Medium

Heat Sink Enhancement of Decalin by Symmetrical Imidazolium Ionic Liquid-Capped Metal Nanoparticles

Low-Temperature Hypergolic Ignition of 1-Octene with Low Ignition Delay Time

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