“…In this context, it may be argued that the participating pre-service teachers considered themselves able in regard to e-learning information and communication technologies, determining learning needs and objectives, determining necessary learning sources, choosing and using suitable learning strategies, managing their own learning processes, having learning motivation and connecting online communication. These results were in line with those of studies conducted prior to the pandemic (Çakır & Horzum, 2015;Kırmızı, 2015;Adnan & Boz-Yaman, 2017;Obi et al, 2018;D. S. Öztürk, F. Öztürk, & Özen, 2018;Yılmaz, Sezer, & Yurdugül, 2019;Mavi & Erçağ, 2020).…”