Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the testis: a case report

Case report: Misdiagnosis of primary mucinous cystadenoma of the testicle by ultrasound

“…Serous subtypes are the most common, and mucinous subtypes are extremely rare ( 1 , 2 ). Similar to ovarian tumors, testicular tumors’ biological behavior can be classified as benign, borderline and malignant, and testicular mucinous cystadenoma is a rare benign testicular tumor with potential malignancy ( 1 – 3 ). To date, a total of 31 cases of testicular or paratesticular ovarian mucinous tumors have been reported, including 9 cases of mucinous cystadenoma, 15 cases of borderline mucinous cystadenoma, and 7 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ( Table 2 ) ( 2 – 25 ).…”

“…In addition, most patients presented with painless scrotal enlargement or a unilateral testicular mass, and some patients also had hydrocele vessels. Furthermore, most patients underwent mucus extravasation and relevant fibrosis and calcification ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 8 , 11 , 17 , 18 ), and serum tumor markers such as AFP, β-HCG, and LDH, which may be associated with testicular tumors, were negative ( 6 , 8 – 11 , 18 ). The gross pathology and microscopic features of the tumor are similar to those of ovarian mucinous tumors, and most have intestinal cell-like features and, occasionally, Müllerian cytolike features ( 2 , 3 , 5 – 7 ).…”

“…Furthermore, most patients underwent mucus extravasation and relevant fibrosis and calcification ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 8 , 11 , 17 , 18 ), and serum tumor markers such as AFP, β-HCG, and LDH, which may be associated with testicular tumors, were negative ( 6 , 8 – 11 , 18 ). The gross pathology and microscopic features of the tumor are similar to those of ovarian mucinous tumors, and most have intestinal cell-like features and, occasionally, Müllerian cytolike features ( 2 , 3 , 5 – 7 ). The cyst tissue consists of mucous epithelial cells with high columnar, endocervix-like cells without atypical nuclei ( 2 , 8 , 10 , 18 ).…”

Ovarian-type Tumors (Mullerian Tumors) of the Testis: Clinicopathologic Findings with Recent Advances

“…Mucinous adenocarcinomas demonstrate features of stromal invasion, such as infiltrating cords within the stroma inciting a desmoplastic response, or a conf luent, cribriform glandular architecture composed of cells displaying marked atypia [7,84]. Interestingly, while ovarian mucinous cystadenomas are almost always composed of endocervical-type epithelium, testicular mucinous cystadenomas more often show intestinal-type epithelium with interspersed goblet cells [65,74,75,91]. In addition, testicular tumors often show various trauma-related changes, such as chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, fibrosis, mucin extravasation, cholesterol clefts, calcification, or metaplastic ossification.…”

“…The immunohistochemical profile of testicular mucinous tumors differs from that of ovarian tumors in several aspects. The vast majority of testicular mucinous tumors are CK7negative and CK20-positive, regardless of endocervical or intestinal differentiation; a few CK7-positive and CK20-positive examples have been reported [69,71,75,80,86]. In contrast, ovarian mucinous tumors are either CK7-positive and CK20positive (if intestinal-type) or CK7-positive and CK20-negative (if endocervical-type) [91,92].…”