MRI findings of nonobstructive azoospermia: lesions in and out of pelvic cavity

Yang, Peng; Ouyang, Longyuan; Lin, Zhi; Zhang, Fan; Wang, Huanjun; Guan, Jian

doi:10.1007/s00261-019-02232-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The literature search found a total of 1106 articles (tumors, n = 584; acute scrotum, n = 193; undescended testes, n = 178; and infertility, n = 151). Ultimately, 83 articles were deemed relevant and used as the literature basis of this review (tumors, n = 50; acute scrotum, n = 6; undescended testes, n = 7; and infertility, n = 20) 6–9,13,24–33,35,43,48–110 . The flow chart of the selection process is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, scrotal MRI has focused on the evaluation of deranged spermatogenesis. Although reported data are still preliminary and heterogeneous, mainly based on small sample size, various MRI parameters, including ADC, FA, MTR, and testicular metabolites have been described as possible non‐invasive fingerprints of male infertility 91–110 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although reported data are still preliminary and heterogeneous, mainly based on small sample size, various MRI parameters, including ADC, FA, MTR, and testicular metabolites have been described as possible non-invasive fingerprints of male infertility. [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] MRI may provide useful information regarding the early damage of spermatogenesis in testes with varicocele, possibly helping clinicians to plan appropriate treatment in men who will benefit from varicocele repair. 93,94,96,101,103,104,107 A decrease in ADC has been reported in both testes with varicocele and testes contralateral to varicocele.…”

Section: Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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When to ask for an MRI of the scrotum

et al. 2021

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Background: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the scrotum has been established as a useful second-line diagnostic tool for the investigation of scrotal diseases. Recently, recommendations on clinical indications for scrotal MRI were issued by the Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Objective: To update current research on when to ask for an MRI of the scrotum. Methods: PubMed database was searched for original articles and reviews published during 2010-2021.Results: Eighty-three articles fulfilled the search criteria. Scrotal MRI is mainly recommended after inconclusive US findings or inconsistent with the clinical examination and should be asked in the following cases: differentiation between intratesticular and paratesticular lesions (in rare cases of uncertain US findings), characterization of paratesticular and intratesticular lesions (when US findings are indeterminate), discrimination between germ cell and sex cord-stromal testicular tumors, local staging of testicular malignancies (in patients planned for testis-sparing surgery), differentiation between seminomas and non-seminomatous tumors (when immediate chemotherapy is planned and orchiectomy is delayed), assessment of acute scrotum and scrotal trauma (rarely needed, in cases of non-diagnostic US findings) and detection and localization of undescended testes (in cases of inconlusive US findings). Although preliminary data show promising results in the evaluation of male infertility, no established role for mpMRI still exists. Conclusion:Multiparametric MRI of the scrotum, by assessing morphologic and functional data represents a valuable problem-solving tool, helping to improve our understanding on the nature of scrotal pathology and the process of spermatogenesis. The technique may improve patient care and reduce the number of unnecessary surgical procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%