“…For instance, in synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR), the phase is proportional to the terrain elevation height; in magnetic resonance imaging, the phase is used to measure temperature, to map the main magnetic field inhomogeneity, to identify veins in the tissues, and to segment water from fat. Other examples can be found in adaptive optics, diffraction tomography, nondestructive testing of components, and deformation and vibration measurements (see, e.g., [2], [4], [3], [5]). In all these applications, the observation mechanism is a 2π-periodic function of the true phase, hereafter termed absolute phase.…”