“…In studies on spectators' motivation for individual sports (Yamashita et al, 2018), interest in sports, drama, aesthetic, sociability, violence, compensation, achievement, longing, escape, national pride, economic and physical skills, knowledge, performance, eustress, selfesteem, entertainment, group affiliation, and family, are measured by a variety of factors. It has also been noted that sports spectators' motivation is multidimensional and complex (Trail and James, 2001).…”