Motion Perception and Driving: Predicting Performance Through Testing and Shortening Braking Reaction Times Through Training

Wilkins, Luke; Gray, Robert C.; Gaska, James; Winterbottom, Marc

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12774

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Indeed, a previous HPT study found significant correlations between motion sensitivity and hazard perception among adults with normal vision [36]. Previous on-road studies involving older drivers [60, 61] and a simulator study involving young drivers [62] have also found motion sensitivity to be strongly associated with driving performance. Nonetheless, the current findings are the first to indicate that motion sensitivity plays a key role in hazard detection, a specific and important aspect of driving, among older drivers, including those with glaucoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of glaucoma on eye movement patterns and laboratory-based hazard detection ability

2017

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PurposeThe mechanisms underlying the elevated crash rates of older drivers with glaucoma are poorly understood. A key driving skill is timely detection of hazards; however, the hazard detection ability of drivers with glaucoma has been largely unexplored. This study assessed the eye movement patterns and visual predictors of performance on a laboratory-based hazard detection task in older drivers with glaucoma.MethodsParticipants included 30 older drivers with glaucoma (71±7 years; average better-eye mean deviation (MD) = −3.1±3.2 dB; average worse-eye MD = −11.9±6.2 dB) and 25 age-matched controls (72±7 years). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, useful field of view (UFoV; processing speeds), and motion sensitivity were assessed. Participants completed a computerised Hazard Perception Test (HPT) while their eye movements were recorded using a desk-mounted Tobii TX300 eye-tracking system. The HPT comprises a series of real-world traffic videos recorded from the driver’s perspective; participants responded to road hazards appearing in the videos, and hazard response times were determined.ResultsParticipants with glaucoma exhibited an average of 0.42 seconds delay in hazard response time (p = 0.001), smaller saccades (p = 0.010), and delayed first fixation on hazards (p<0.001) compared to controls. Importantly, larger saccades were associated with faster hazard responses in the glaucoma group (p = 0.004), but not in the control group (p = 0.19). Across both groups, significant visual predictors of hazard response times included motion sensitivity, UFoV, and worse-eye MD (p<0.05).ConclusionsOlder drivers with glaucoma had delayed hazard response times compared to controls, with associated changes in eye movement patterns. The association between larger saccades and faster hazard response time in the glaucoma group may represent a compensatory behaviour to facilitate improved performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of glaucoma on eye movement patterns and laboratory-based hazard detection ability

2017

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“…These results have potential implications for the future remediation of unsafe driving. Wilkins et al reported that motion sensitivity can be improved among younger drivers following training and this translated to improvements in braking responses on a simulator task. If this were replicated in a wider population, it might be possible to remediate through training some of the deficits observed here, leading to overall higher safety among this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related changes in perception of movement in driving scenes

Lacherez

Turner

Lester

et al. 2014

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Studies have examined the role of motion perception in different aspects of driving 10,11,31–34 . Hazard Perception (HP), the ability to anticipate traffic, is considered one of the main safety related driving skill 35 .…”

Section: Visual Acuity Motion Perception and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HP test, explained in detailed in Method section, is a part of the driving license test in the UK and Australia 36 . Researchers have widely used HP in research on driving 10,11,37 . Wilkins, Gray, Gaska and Winterbottom 11 investigation of the relationship between motion perception and driving with a group of normally sighted participants used motion perception tests that included 2D motion-defined letter identification, 3D motion in depth sensitivity, and dynamic visual acuity tests.…”

Section: Visual Acuity Motion Perception and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of motion perception and visual acuity for driving hazard perception

Moharrer

Tang

Luo

2018

Preprint

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PURPOSEThere are many visually impaired people who can drive legally with bioptic telescope. Drawing on the experience of drivers with reduced vision, this study investigated the role of motion perception and visual acuity in driving, under simulated low visual acuity.METHODSTwenty normally sighted participants took part in a driving hazard perception (HP) test, in four different conditions: with/without motion interruption and with/without simulated low visual acuity. In interrupted motion conditions a mask frame was inserted between every frame of the driving videos. In simulated low visual acuity conditions, participants wore glasses with diffusing filters that lowered their visual acuity to 20/120 on average. Participants’ response time, hazard detection rates, and HP scores, which combined response time and detection rate, were compared.RESULTSRepeated measure ANOVA revealed that the HP scores significantly declined from 20.46 to 16.82 due to the motion mask (F(1,19) = 9.343, p = 0.006). However, simulated low visual acuity did not affect HP scores (F(1,19) = 1.807, p = 0.195). The interaction between vision and mask was not significant (F(1,19) = 1. 295, p = 0.269). The decline in score was mostly due to significant decrease in detection rate, from 0.80 to 0.64, due to the motion mask (F(1,19) = 16.686, p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this experimental setting, human observers relied largely on motion information for detecting driving hazards, rather than high visual acuity. This finding might help explain how visually impaired drivers can compensate for their impaired vision during driving.

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Motion Perception and Driving: Predicting Performance Through Testing and Shortening Braking Reaction Times Through Training

Abstract: Tests of 3D motion perception are the best predictor of EB, while DVA velocity susceptibility is the best predictor of hazard perception. Motion perception training appears to result in faster braking responses.

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of glaucoma on eye movement patterns and laboratory-based hazard detection ability

Effect of glaucoma on eye movement patterns and laboratory-based hazard detection ability

Age‐related changes in perception of movement in driving scenes

Roles of motion perception and visual acuity for driving hazard perception

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