Mothers, Brothers and Sisters of Patients with Spina Bifida

Abstract

SUMMARY A comparison of the iq scores of a group of spina bifida children and their siblings and a group of matched control children and their siblings indicated that maldevelopment of or damage to the central nervous system is associated with lower iq, even when social class is taken into account. The frequency of maladjustment was found to be almost four times higher in the siblings of the children with spina bifida than in the siblings of the normal control children. No differences were observed in Bristol Social Adjustment Guide (bsag) scores of siblings according to whether the child with spina bifida was away at a residential school or was living at home. The birth rank of the child with spina bifida was not found to influence the siblings' adjustment, but spina bifida children with slight handicaps were found to have the highest bsag scores, and the siblings of the moderately handicapped spina bifida children had the lowest. The malaise scores of the mothers exceeded those in other studies of children with different forms of handicap. RÉSUMÉ Mères, frères et soeurs de malades atteints de spina bifida Une comparaison des qi d'un groupe de spina bifida et de leurs frères et soeurs d'une part et d'un groupe contrôle apparié avec également les frères et soeurs indique que le mauvais développement ou la lésion du système nerveux central est associéà un qi bas même lorsqu'on tient compte de la classe sociale. La fréquence de l'inadaptation a été trouvée près de 4 fois plus importante chez les frères et soeurs des enfants atteints de spina bifida que dans l'entourage du groupe contrôle. Aucune différence n'a été notée dans les résultats au Bristol Social Adjustement Guide (bsag) chez les frères et soeurs que l'enfant atteint de spina bifida soit dans un centre scolaire ou qu'il vive à la maison. Le rang de naissance de l'enfant atteint n'avait pas d'influence sur l'adaptation des frères et soeurs mais les spina bifida avec léger handicap avaient les scores les plus élevés au bsag et les frères et soeurs de spina bifida modérément handicapés les scores les plus bas. Les scores de mauvais équilibre affectif chez les mères ont été trouvés supérieurs à ceux notés dans d'autres études. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Mütter, Brüder und Schwestern von Spina‐bifida Patienten Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der iq Ergebnisse einer Gruppe von Spina‐bifida Fällen und ihren Geschwistern und einer Gruppe entsprechender Kontrollpatienten und deren Geschwistern zeigt, daß eine Fehlentwicklung oder eine Schädigung des Zentralnervensystems mit einem neidrigen iq einhergeht, sogar wenn die soziale Gruppenzugehörigkeit mit in die Berechnung einbezogen wird. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Frequenz schlechter Anpassung bei den Geschwistern der Spina‐bifida Kinder nahezu viermal höher war als bei den Geschwistern der normalen Kontrollen. Keine Unterschiede wurden gefunden in den Ergebnissen des Bristol Social Adjustment Guide (bsag) der Angehörigen hinsichtlich dessen, ob das Spina‐bifida Kind zur Schule ging oder zu Hause lebte. Der Rang in der Geburts...

Mothers of children with autism or communication disorders: Successful adaptation and the double ABCX model

“…Problems in adaptation and family crises such as divorce or marital problems (Bristol, Schopier, & McConnaughey, 1984;Love, 1973;Price-Bonham & Addison, 1978), depression (Bradshaw & Lawton, 1978;Burden, 1980;Cummings, Bayley, & Rie, 1966;DeMyer, 1979;Tew & Laurence, 1975), and institutionalization (DeMyer & Goldberg, 1983;Lotter, 1978;Rutter, 1970) in these families have been documented.…”

Siblings of Children with Special Needs

“…The studies of Tew and Laurence (1973), and Breslau, Weitzman and Messenger (1981) were among the first studies to utilize control groups. These studies relied on parent and/or teacher ratings of adjustment problems.…”

“…These studies relied on parent and/or teacher ratings of adjustment problems. Tew and Laurence (1973) found that siblings of children with spina bifida were rated by teachers as being almost 4 times more likely to have adjustment problems as measured by the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide. Siblings of children with either slight or severe handicaps were reported to be much more likely to experience difficulties in adjustment.…”

“…The majority of controlled studies of sibling adjustment which followed Tew and Laurence (1973) and Breslau et al (1981) have used semi-structured interviews and/or questionnaires with siblings during childhood as a more direct measure of sibling adjustment (Begun, 1989;McHale, Sloan, & Simeonsson, 1986;Stoneman, Brody, Davis & Crapps, 1988. This approach reduced the problem of recall bias and reliance on parent or teacher ratings as a primary measure of adjustment.…”

Play Interactions between Children with Autism and their Siblings in a European American and a Vietnamese American Family

“…They empathize with their siblings and offer helpful behaviors, often due to the feeling that the sibling with autism will grow up to live a life different from their own (Benderix & Sivberg, 2007). Negative effects include feeling neglected and overburdened by responsibility (e.g., Breslau, 1982;McHale, Sloan, & Simeonsson, 1986;Tew & Lawrence, 1973), as well as being exposed to disturbing behavior, such as tantrums and aggression (Benderix & Sivberg, 2007;Ross & Cuskelly, 2006).…”