SUMMARY A comparison of the iq scores of a group of spina bifida children and their siblings and a group of matched control children and their siblings indicated that maldevelopment of or damage to the central nervous system is associated with lower iq, even when social class is taken into account. The frequency of maladjustment was found to be almost four times higher in the siblings of the children with spina bifida than in the siblings of the normal control children. No differences were observed in Bristol Social Adjustment Guide (bsag) scores of siblings according to whether the child with spina bifida was away at a residential school or was living at home. The birth rank of the child with spina bifida was not found to influence the siblings' adjustment, but spina bifida children with slight handicaps were found to have the highest bsag scores, and the siblings of the moderately handicapped spina bifida children had the lowest. The malaise scores of the mothers exceeded those in other studies of children with different forms of handicap. RÉSUMÉ Mères, frères et soeurs de malades atteints de spina bifida Une comparaison des qi d'un groupe de spina bifida et de leurs frères et soeurs d'une part et d'un groupe contrôle apparié avec également les frères et soeurs indique que le mauvais développement ou la lésion du système nerveux central est associéà un qi bas même lorsqu'on tient compte de la classe sociale. La fréquence de l'inadaptation a été trouvée près de 4 fois plus importante chez les frères et soeurs des enfants atteints de spina bifida que dans l'entourage du groupe contrôle. Aucune différence n'a été notée dans les résultats au Bristol Social Adjustement Guide (bsag) chez les frères et soeurs que l'enfant atteint de spina bifida soit dans un centre scolaire ou qu'il vive à la maison. Le rang de naissance de l'enfant atteint n'avait pas d'influence sur l'adaptation des frères et soeurs mais les spina bifida avec léger handicap avaient les scores les plus élevés au bsag et les frères et soeurs de spina bifida modérément handicapés les scores les plus bas. Les scores de mauvais équilibre affectif chez les mères ont été trouvés supérieurs à ceux notés dans d'autres études. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Mütter, Brüder und Schwestern von Spina‐bifida Patienten Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der iq Ergebnisse einer Gruppe von Spina‐bifida Fällen und ihren Geschwistern und einer Gruppe entsprechender Kontrollpatienten und deren Geschwistern zeigt, daß eine Fehlentwicklung oder eine Schädigung des Zentralnervensystems mit einem neidrigen iq einhergeht, sogar wenn die soziale Gruppenzugehörigkeit mit in die Berechnung einbezogen wird. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Frequenz schlechter Anpassung bei den Geschwistern der Spina‐bifida Kinder nahezu viermal höher war als bei den Geschwistern der normalen Kontrollen. Keine Unterschiede wurden gefunden in den Ergebnissen des Bristol Social Adjustment Guide (bsag) der Angehörigen hinsichtlich dessen, ob das Spina‐bifida Kind zur Schule ging oder zu Hause lebte. Der Rang in der Geburts...
history of spina bifida cystica and cranium bifidum cysticum: the major central nervous system malformations in South Wales. Part IV. The 425 cases of spina bifida cystica and cranium bifidum cysticum born in a population of 850,000 between 1956 and 1962 (with an incidence of 4-12 per 1000 births) were followed. Most did not receive the modern treatment for the condition. Follow-up in 1968 showed that 25% were stillborn, 13% died during the first week of perinatal causes, a further 47 % died mostly of the complications of the condition, and 15% are still alive. Life
This paper reviews the literature o n the "cocktail party" syndrome, a language disorder apparently specific to children with hydrocephalus. The results of detailed psychological testing at the age of jive showed that children with the cocktail party syndrome can be distinguished fiom other cases of spina bijida, as having significantly lower Wechsler Intelligence Test scores and very retarded social skills. Visual perceptual abilities were also significantly poorer. The reported verbal fluency of children with the cocktail party syndrome did not, however, lead to superior scores on the Reynell Expressive Language Scales, for these children found difficulty in using language creatively in spite of good syntax. Further assessment at the age of seven revealed these children to be significantly poorer than other cases of spina bijida in reading, spelling, arithmetic, and they had shorter concentration spans and slightly more behaviour problems in school according to their teachers. There was evidence that the cocktail party syndrome declines with age and its presence at the age of ten is diagnostically significant o f a subnormal level o f intelligence. Children with this syndrome are more likely to be female and to have more severe physical handicaps. It is suggested that the results of this survey explain certain controversies in the literature.
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