Mother-to-Child Transmission Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Infants Followed Up in Jos North-Central Nigeria

Abstract

In North-central Nigeria where HIV is prevalent, ART started before pregnancy is enormously effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission. Adoption of WHO 'Option B+' deserves serious consideration in such settings.

Prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected Nigerian children

“…Also, the decline may be due to the global increase in HIV awareness and increasingly early diagnosis of HIV in children. We recently reported a very low rate of 0.7% mother-to-child HIV transmission 22 in this same study site as our present study, which would seem to suggest a decline in the number of pediatric HIV cases, thus paralleling a decline in PTB-HIV co-infection cases.…”

Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV‐infected women on ART: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In all studies mothers started ART before or during pregnancy, and continued until at least six months postnatally, according to the WHO recommendations at the time. Seven studies followed this recommendation [5,11,19,20,22–24] with six-month ART, three provided lifelong ART for all women [21,25,26] while the remaining study [27] provided lifelong ART only for treatment-eligible mothers with very low CD4 count (see Supplementary Table 1 for more details on included studies).…”

“…Of the 11 studies, eight reported the transmission rate at age six months [5,11,19,20,22,23,25,26]. Two studies [19,26] did not provide a confidence interval around the estimated transmission rate, which was calculated using the formula [18].…”

“…Two studies [19,26] did not provide a confidence interval around the estimated transmission rate, which was calculated using the formula [18]. Two studies reported the number of infections at six months and the number of children at risk: one study [26] was a retrospective cohort and provided a single number as a denominator (N = 856); and for the second study [19] the number of children at risk was obtained from the Kaplan-Meier graph.…”

“…Two studies [19,26] did not provide a confidence interval around the estimated transmission rate, which was calculated using the formula [18]. Two studies reported the number of infections at six months and the number of children at risk: one study [26] was a retrospective cohort and provided a single number as a denominator (N = 856); and for the second study [19] the number of children at risk was obtained from the Kaplan-Meier graph. A further two studies reported the number of transmissions but not the number of children at risk [21,27] and one study reported transmission only at age nine months, but noted that all transmissions occurred during breastfeeding [24].…”