Mosquito abundance, bed net coverage and other factors associated with variations in sporozoite infectivity rates in four villages of rural Tanzania

Kweka, Eliningaya J.; Nkya, Watoky; Mahande, Aneth M; Assenga, C.; Mosha, Franklin W.; Lyatuu, Ester E; Massenga, Charles P; Nyale, E.; Mwakalinga, Stephen B; Lowassa, Asanterabi

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-59

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…gambiae recorded in Bozi and Yoho was much lower than the one reported in the control village. A comparable trend was found in a rural area of Tanzania, where the sporozoite index was lower in villages with high LLINs coverage, compared to villages without LLIN [50]. Furthermore, blood meals of mosquitoes were greatly disturbed by the presence of LLINs, as mosquitoes fed preferentially on animals and nectar plants [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire

Ouattara

Dagnogo

Constant

et al. 2014

Malar J

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BackgroundThe use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is an effective malaria control strategy. However, there are challenges to achieve high coverage, such as distribution sustainability, and coverage keep-up. This study assessed the effect of LLINs coverage and contextual factors on entomological indicators of malaria in rural Côte d’Ivoire.MethodsThe study was carried out between July 2009 and May 2012 in three villages (Bozi, N’Dakonankro and Yoho) of central Côte d’Ivoire. In Bozi and Yoho, LLINs were distributed free of charge by the national malaria control programme in 2008. In Bozi, an additional distribution was carried out in May 2011. No specific interventions were done in N’Dakonankro. Entomological surveys were conducted in July 2009 and July 2010 (baseline), and in August and November 2011 and in February 2012. Frequency of circumsporozoite protein was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Regression models were employed to assess the impact of LLINs and changing patterns of irrigated rice farming on entomological parameters, and to determine associations with LLINs coverage and other contextual factors.ResultsIn Bozi, high proportion of LLIN usage was observed (95-100%). After six months, 95% of LLINs were washed at least once and 79% were washed up to three times within one year. Anopheles gambiae was the predominant malaria vector (66.6% of all mosquitoes caught). From 2009 to 2012, in N’Dakonankro, the mean annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) increased significantly from 116.8 infectious bites/human/year (ib/h/y) to 408.8 ib/h/y, while in the intervention villages, the EIR decreased significantly from 514.6 ib/h/y to 62.0 ib/h/y (Bozi) and from 83.9 ib/h/y to 25.5 ib/h/y (Yoho). The risk of an infectious bite over the three-year period was significantly lower in the intervention villages compared to the control village (p <0.001).ConclusionHigh coverage and sensitization of households to use LLINs through regular visits (particularly in Bozi) and abandoning irrigated rice farming (in Yoho) resulted in highly significant reductions of EIR. The national malaria control programme should consider household sensitization and education campaigns and other contextual factors to maximize the benefit of LLINs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire

Ouattara

Dagnogo

Constant

et al. 2014

Malar J

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“…Moreover, the high proportion of bloodmeals of bovine origin, even given the potential emphasis on human feeds according to the order in which bloodmeal tests were carried out, supports previous studies describing An. arabiensis bloodmeal sources in rural Tanzanian villages (Kweka et al ., ). The high proportion of bloodmeals of bovine origin in the study area may be explained by high community LLIN coverage after the intervention in concert with the presence of alternative hosts and suitable outdoor resting sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the resting behaviour and host choice of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis from Muleba, Tanzania

Charlwood

Kessy

Yohannes

et al. 2018

Medical Vet Entomology

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The relative efficacy of a mechanical (Prokopack) collection method vs. manual aspiration in the collection of resting mosquitoes was evaluated in northern Tanzania before and after an intervention using indoor residual spraying and longlasting insecticide-treated nets. In smoke-free houses mosquitoes were collected from the roof and walls, but in smoky houses mosquitoes were found predominantly on the walls. Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) constituted 97.7% of the 312 An. gambiae complex specimens identified before but only 19.3% of the 183 identified after the intervention. A single sampling with the Prokopack collected a third of the available insects. Anopheles gambiae completed its gonotrophic development indoors, whereas Anopheles arabiensis did so outdoors. In both species gonotrophic development took 2 days. Most unfed resting An. arabiensis collected outdoors were virgins, whereas the majority of engorged insects were parous (with well-contracted sacs). Daily survival was estimated to be 80.0%. Only 9.4% of the engorged An. arabiensis collected outdoors and 47.1% of those collected indoors had fed on humans. Using the Prokopack sampler is more efficient than manual methods for the collection of resting mosquitoes. Malaria transmission may have been affected by a change in vector composition resulting from a change in feeding, rather than reduced survival. Monitoring the proportions of members of the An. gambiae complex may provide signals of an impending breakdown in control.

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“…Probably, the free bed net distribution policy for children and pregnant women has resulted in money spent on bed nets at the household level to be low [3,4,26,34] Bed nets are one of the most recognized methods of personal protection against mosquitoes, and many studies have reported the benefits of bed nets; either insecticide treated or untreated [35,36]. In the study area, like many other areas in the country [20], use of conventional insecticide-treated bed nets was the most common protection tool for malaria. Despite the majority of households reporting to own treated bed nets, a significant number did not re-treat their bed nets at the recommended time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social economic factors and malaria transmission in Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania

et al. 2012

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BackgroundFor many years social economic status has been used as an indicator to characterize malaria treatment seeking behaviors of communities and their adherence to malaria control programs. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the influence of household social economic status, knowledge, attitude and practice on treatment seeking behaviors, distance to health facilities and vector control measures in the Lower Moshi area, northern Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional household survey was carried out, a quantitative method was used to collect information from the households, and the household socio-economic status was estimated by employing a household asset-based approach. The structured questionnaire also collected information on malaria knowledge, attitudes and treatment seeking behaviors.ResultsA total of 197 (68.8% were female) household heads were interviewed. Distance to the health centers influenced malaria treatment seeking behaviors especially for children (P = 0.001) and the number of visits to the health facilities made by the household members (P = 0.001). The head of the households' level of education had an influence on bed-net retreatment (P < 0.001) and acceptability of larval control programmes (P <0.001). Similarly, a significant association was observed between bed-net retreatment, larval control and occupation of the head of the household .ConclusionDistance to the health centre influenced malaria treatment seeking behaviors, and the number of visits made by the household members. In addition, the education level of the household heads played a role in understanding and in the selection of malaria interventions for the households. Increasing the number of health facilities close to rural areas will improve malaria treatment seeking behavior, case management and hence reduce malaria-associated morbidities, especially in high risk groups.

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Mosquito abundance, bed net coverage and other factors associated with variations in sporozoite infectivity rates in four villages of rural Tanzania

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d’Ivoire

Studies on the resting behaviour and host choice of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis from Muleba, Tanzania

Social economic factors and malaria transmission in Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania

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