Morphostructural characterization of soil conventionally tilled with mechanized and animal traction with and without cover crop

Ralisch, Ricardo; Almeida, Edinei de; Silva, Adriana Pereira da; Neto, Osvaldo Coelho Pereira; Guimarães, María de Fátima

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832010000600003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The internal state Δ comes from degradation of the structure by heavy machinery and indicates a compacted structure that strongly restricts root development (Neves et al, 2003;Ralisch et al, 2010) and is characterized by the absence of visible porosity. The internal states Δμ and μΔ are intermediate with respect to Δ (compacted) and μ (noncompacted).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Structural Quality as Assessed by the "Profil Cultural" Method Related to Quantitative Indicators of Soil Physical Quality?

Watanabe

Tormena

Guimarães

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Soil and crop management systems change the soil structure, thereby affecting soil quality. The "profil cultural" method (PCM) has been used to identify the effects of management systems on soil structure; however, few studies relate the structures identified by the PCM to quantitative indicators of soil structural quality. This study aimed to quantify soil structures using the PCM and relate these structures to bulk density (Bd), critical bulk density (Bdc), soil aeration capacity (ε a ), least limiting water range (LLWR), and soil air permeability (K a ) under different soil and crop management systems. The study was developed in a long-term experiment (24 years) involving two systems of soil management (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and two systems of crop management (rotation and succession), resulting in four treatments: no-tillage with crop rotation (NTr), no-tillage with crop succession (NTs), conventional tillage with heavy harrowing and crop rotation (CTr) and conventional tillage with heavy harrowing and crop succession (CTs). The PCM was used to identify the different homogeneous morphological units (HMUs) in the soil profile. Undisturbed soil samples were collected for the HMUs that were most represented in the profiles to determine K a , LLWR, Bd, and ε a . ). The proportion of samples where Bd > Bdc was 23 % under CTs, 77 % under CTr, 32 % under NTs, and 39 % under NTr. The structures that were most restrictive to root development (CΔ, CΔμ, FmtΔμ, and FmtμΔ) show a lower K a and greater soil penetration resistance as the soil dries. Pores are more continuous and the structure is less restrictive to plant development in no-tillage than in conventional tillage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Structural Quality as Assessed by the "Profil Cultural" Method Related to Quantitative Indicators of Soil Physical Quality?

Watanabe

Tormena

Guimarães

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Nos trabalhos conduzidos por Ralisch et al (2010), em Cambissolos sob consórcio (milho + feijão) foram observadas estruturas contínuas, coesas e de baixa porosidade, responsáveis pela baixa penetração de raízes das plantas.…”

Section: Resultados E Discussão Propriedades Físicas Do Solounclassified

Estrutura De Solos Em Manejo Conservacionista: Diagnóstico Visual, Laboratorial, Caracterização E Inter-Relações

Silva

Carducci

Oliveira³

et al. 2017

RSA

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Resumo -A análise visual da estrutura do solo pode ser uma ferramenta útil e prática no monitoramento da condição física do solo em sistemas de manejo conservacionista. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre o diagnóstico visual e laboratorial da estrutura do solo, em sistema de manejo conservacionista. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial duplo, sendo os fatores as classes de solos (CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO, LATOSSOLO VERMELHO e NITOSSOLO HÁPLICO), avaliadas em diferentes profundidades (amontoa [-0,05-0,15 m]; 0,05-0,15 m; 0,25-0,35 m; e 0,45-0,55 m), em triplicata. A avaliação se apoiou na aparência visual da estrutura dos solos após 5 anos da implantação de um sistema de manejo conservacionista, sendo avaliadas a resistência, consistência, porosidade e presença de raízes nas unidades estruturais dos solos, categorizados, segundo a carta padrão, por 5 escores visuais (Ev) utilizados na classificação da qualidade da estrutura, variando de Ev =1 (melhor qualidade) a Ev =5 (pior qualidade). Os atributos físicos do solo (macroporosidade, microporosidade, distribuição de poros por tamanho e densidade do solo), foram determinados em amostras indeformadas submetidas aos potenciais matriciais de -2, -4, -6, -10 kPa nas unidades de sucção, e -33, -100, -500, -1500 kPa nas câmaras de Richards. A agregação foi avaliada pelo diâmetro médio geométrico. Nas profundidades de 0,25-0,35 m e 0,45-0,55 m, o Latossolo apresentou Ev menor quando comparado ao Nitossolo e Cambissolo, indicando sua melhor condição estrutural nestas profundidades. O aumento dos Ev está relacionado à perda da porosidade estrutural (interagregados) e incremento da porosidade textural (intraagregados). A análise de componentes principais demonstrou que a quantificação dos atributos densidade do solo, microporosidade, teor de silte e poros da classe de diâmetro < 0,6 µm contribuíram para justificar o aumento do Ev.Palavras-chave -análise visual, atributos físicos, manejo do solo.Abstract -The visual analysis of soil structure can be a useful and practical tool for monitoring soil physical condition in conservation management systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between visual and laboratorial diagnosis of soil structure, in a conservation management system. We utilized completely randomized experimental design in a factorial double was used, the factors being soil classes (Haplic Cambisol, Red Latosol and Haplic Nitosol), evaluated at different depths (pille [-0.05-0.15 m]; 0.05-0.15 m; 0.25-0.35 m and 0.45-0.55 m) in triplicate. The evaluation was based on the visual appearance of the structure of the soil after five years of implementation of a management system considered conservationist, being analyzed resistance, consistency, porosity and presence of roots in the structural units of the soils, categorized by five visual scores (Ev) used in quality grading structure, ranging from Ev = 1 (best quality) at Ev = 5 (worst quality). In order to evaluate the ...

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“…The organic matter of soils and the biological activity of tropical soils exert a significant influence on their physical and chemical properties. Ralisch et al (2010) determined that in lands prepared with the use of machinery, degradation of soil structure and compaction occur, in contrast to when the ground is prepared with animal traction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon losses and soil property changes in ferralic Nitisols from Cuba under different coverages

Hernández-Jiménez¹,

Vargas-Blandino²,

Bojórquez-Serrano

et al. 2017

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The transformation of primary forestlands into lands under cultivation exerts an impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soils, leading to loss of carbon from the soil. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate the impact of different land use on organic carbon stock (OC-stock) and (2) to determine the clay percentage, the dispersion factor, and bulk density with regard to soil management. Thirty soil profiles were sampled as follows: four under primary forests with 80-100 years (old growth); two under secondary wood forests with 45-50 years; eight under secondary young forests with 15-25 years; four under pasture land with 15-20 years; and 12 under continuous cultivation for > 50 years. We determined the changes in OC-stock in the soils under different land-use conditions in relation to the primary forest variant.There was a difference in the OC-stock of the continuous cultivation variant compared to the remaining land-use variants for all soil-thickness layers. The greatest loss of cultivated soil was in the 0-20 cm layer of the primary forest OC-stock. In the 50-100 cm layer, the OC-stock of the cultivated soils diminished significantly. As regards physical properties, such as clay percentage,, dispersion factor, and bulk density, we observed significant differences between the cultivated soils compared to the remaining land-use variants.

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Morphostructural characterization of soil conventionally tilled with mechanized and animal traction with and without cover crop

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Is Structural Quality as Assessed by the "Profil Cultural" Method Related to Quantitative Indicators of Soil Physical Quality?

Is Structural Quality as Assessed by the "Profil Cultural" Method Related to Quantitative Indicators of Soil Physical Quality?

Estrutura De Solos Em Manejo Conservacionista: Diagnóstico Visual, Laboratorial, Caracterização E Inter-Relações

Carbon losses and soil property changes in ferralic Nitisols from Cuba under different coverages

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