Modelling of Soil Penetration reSiStance for an oxiSol...

SUMMARYThe structural stability and restructuring ability of a soil are related to the methods of crop management and soil preparation. A recommended strategy to reduce the effects of soil preparation is to use crop rotation and cover crops that help conserve and restore the soil structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the homogeneous morphological units in soil under conventional mechanized tillage and animal traction, as well as to assess the effect on the soil structure of intercropping with jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.). Profiles were analyzed in April of 2006, in five counties in the Southern-Central region of Paraná State (Brazil), on family farms producing maize (Zea mays L.), sometimes intercropped with jack bean. The current structures in the crop profile were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and subsequently principal component analysis (PCA) to generate statistics. Morphostructural soil analysis showed a predominance of compact units in areas of high-intensity cultivation under mechanized traction. The cover crop did not improve the structure of the soil with low porosity and compact units that hamper the root system growth. In areas exposed to animal traction, a predominance of cracked units was observed, where roots grew around the clods and along the gaps between them.Index terms: soil tillage, cultural profile, morphological homogeneous units, structural recovering.(

No abstract

Soil nematodes are sensitive to human intervention and widely used as biological indicators of disruptions and alterations in soil quality. The aim of this work was to identify nematodes that are good biological indicators in maize crops under different management systems, and to establish the impact levels of these systems. Soil samples were collected over a 3-year period at a depth of 0.0-0.3 m in areas under six different management systems for maize (Zea mays) monoculture, and intercropped maize and Canavalia ensiformis. Six areas of native vegetation were also assessed to provide a reference for ecological balance. After identification and counting, nematode communities were characterised according to abundance (total and relative), diversity (identified genera and diversity indexes), trophic structure and ecological maturity (disturbance indexes). Nematodes proved to be good ecological indicators, responding to the systems employed. Intercropping maize and Canavalia ensiformis in at least one assessment year reduced disruption and increased nematode diversity, which were both verified based on specific indexes. It was also observed that the maize monoculture increased disruption leading to a drop in nematode fauna diversity and an increase in the incidence of plant-feeding nematodes.

No abstract

A bariátrica é uma cirurgia no sistema digestivo que visa a reduzir o peso corporal, a partir da diminuição da capacidade gástrica e consequentemente redução na ingestão de alimentos. Espera-se não apenas a perda de peso, mas alterações nos parâmetros de saúde e de qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a adesão ao exercício físico e a qualidade de vida de indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. O estudo é transversal, analítico e quantitativo. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico/condições de saúde, um de qualidade de vida (Whoqol Bref) e um de adesão a exercício físico (EARS-Br). A amostra constituiu-se de 76 pessoas (60 mulheres), 38 (50%), com faixas etárias entre 40 e 60 anos, 57 (75%) concluíram o Ensino Superior e a renda familiar da maioria foi de 1 a 3 salários-mínimos (39/51,3%). A maioria dos participantes apresentou sobrepeso (32/43,2%) e não eram fumantes 56 (73,7%), enquanto 34 (44,7%) faziam uso de bebida alcoólica. A maioria não fazia exercícios físicos antes da cirurgia 53 (69,7%). Após a cirurgia bariátrica, a qualidade de vida foi muito boa e a prática de atividade física melhorou, porém não foi aderida à rotina de forma satisfatória por 48 (63,2%). A falta de tempo foi o principal fator para a não adesão. Conclui-se que a aderência à atividade física não foi inserida como estilo de vida, não existindo correlação com adesão ao exercício físico e qualidade de vida na amostra avaliada.