Morphometric, elemental and biochemical characterisation of three<i>Haliclona</i>species (Demospongiae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India

Srikanth, Koigoora; Pallela, Ramjee; Nelakurti, Chakra Reddy; Sunkara, Madhavendra Sakunthala; Janapala, Venkateswara Rao

doi:10.3184/095422912x13496990950939

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The focus on secondary metabolic compounds has left the products of central metabolism comparatively overlooked, including analysis of the major cellular macromolecules—protein, lipid, carbohydrate, DNA, and RNA—and their constituent building blocks—amino acids, fatty acids, sugars and nucleotides. Although protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content has been quantitated in a number of marine sponges [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], a complete analysis of the main biomass components has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the distribution of particular bacterial species and communities within an individual sponge has the potential to influence local metabolic activity. Nonetheless, subsampling the main biomass components within an individual sponge typically has not been performed, as most biochemical analyses performed in sponges have been restricted to a single sample from an individual or small number of individuals within a population [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Analysing multiple samples within individuals will give insights into the variation in the macromolecule composition within an individual sponge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Biomass Composition of the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia

et al. 2014

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Marine sponges are a potential source of important pharmaceutical drugs, the commercialisation of which is restricted by the difficulties of obtaining a sufficient and regular supply of biomass. One way to optimize commercial cell lines for production is the in-depth characterization and target identification through genome scale metabolic modeling and flux analysis. By applying these tools to a sponge, we hope to gain insights into how biomass is formed. We chose Amphimedon queenslandica as it has an assembled and annotated genome, a prerequisite for genome scale modeling. The first stepping stone on the way to metabolic flux analysis in a sponge holobiont, is the characterization of its biomass composition. In this study we quantified the macromolecular composition and investigated the variation between and within sponges of a single population. We found lipids and protein to be the most abundant macromolecules, while carbohydrates were the most variable. We also analysed the composition and abundance of the fatty acids and amino acids, the important building blocks required to synthesise the abundant macromolecule types, lipids, and protein. These data complement the extensive genomic information available for A. queenslandica and lay the basis for genome scale modelling and flux analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Biomass Composition of the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia

et al. 2014

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“…Simplified, growth is the catabolic and anabolic conversion of food by the central metabolic network into biomass. While the potential food sources that sponges can utilise are relatively well understood (de Goeij et al, 2008a(de Goeij et al, ,b, 2013McMurray et al, 2016;Pile et al, 1996a;Rix et al, 2016;Yahel et al, 2003b), only partial analyses of the biochemical composition of sponge biomass has been reported (Chanas & Pawlik, 1995;Elvin, 1979;Koigoora et al, 2013;McClintock, 1987;Pallela et al, 2011;Stone, 1969;Vacelet et al, 1988) and very little is known of the metabolic network. …”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus on secondary metabolic compounds has left the products of central metabolism comparatively overlooked, including analysis of the major cellular macromoleculesprotein, lipid, carbohydrate, DNA, and RNA-and their constituent building blocks-amino acids, fatty acids, sugars and nucleotides. Although protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content has been quantitated in a number of marine sponges (Chanas & Pawlik, 1995;Elvin, 1979;Koigoora et al, 2013;McClintock, 1987;Pallela et al, 2011;Stone, 1969), a complete analysis of the main biomass components has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the distribution of particular bacterial species and communities within an individual sponge has the potential to influence local metabolic activity. Nonetheless, subsampling the main biomass components within an individual sponge typically has not been performed, as most biochemical analyses performed in sponges have been restricted to a single sample from an individual or small number of individuals within a population (Chanas & Pawlik, 1995;Elvin, 1979;Koigoora et al, 2013;McClintock, 1987;Pallela et al, 2011;Stone, 1969). Analysing multiple samples within individuals will give insights into the variation in the macromolecule composition within an individual sponge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling sponge-symbiont metabolism

Watson¹

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Marine sponges are increasingly being recognised for their nutrient cycling ecosystem services, linking pelagic nutrients with the benthic ecosystem. Furthermore, sponges are the most prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites in the marine environment. Despite their ecological and commercial value, little is know about the metabolic processes that are responsible. The inability to produce sufficient sponge biomass, and thus specific bioactive compounds, has been repeatedly identified as a major bottleneck towards commercialising sponge holobiont derived drugs. Likewise, nutrient cycling by sponges has been a relatively recent advancement in marine ecology and the scale of this process is unknown. This thesis takes a systems approach to understanding sponge-symbiont metabolic processes by utilising the genomic resources available for the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica and its bacterial symbiont AqS1. Specifically, I undertake genome-scale modelling and metabolic flux analyses to investigate the metabolic networks present in this sponge as well as its associated vertically-transmitted microbial symbiont. The goal of this thesis is to generate the data required for, and subsequently develop, a dual-species genome-scale metabolic model for A. queenslandica and AqS1. This will provide a framework to further our understanding of how sponges produce their biomass while living in an oligotrophic, tropical reef environment.To develop a genome-scale metabolic model, the biochemical composition of the organism must first be determined. Knowledge of the relative quantities of macromolecules and their respective building blocks (e.g. protein and amino acids) is vital, as each requires different substrates, enzymes and cofactors for their synthesis. I adapted and developed methods to characterise the composition and abundance of DNA, RNA, protein, lipids and carbohydrates in a marine sponge. These methods are described in detail that allows them to be easily transferred to other, non-model, large marine organisms. This is followed by a detailed analysis of A. queenslandica's macromolecular, amino acid, fatty acid and sterol composition. The biochemical data from this chapter was used to generate a biomass equation that represent the average composition of adult A. queenslandica in the metabolic model. 3To understand how the metabolic network may work towards producing more biomass, it must be considered in the context of the environmental conditions that naturally constrain growth. The dominant environmental constraint on growth on an oligotrophic reef system is nutrient availability.The abundance of key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, were quantified throughout the course of a year. To investigate effects on the sponge of any changes in nutrient availability, I concurrently sampled sponges and analysed their biochemical composition to the macromolecular level. Chapter 4 presents these data and discusses a number of trends and correlations in the biochemical composition of the sponges with chan...

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Callophycin A loaded chitosan and spicules based nanocomposites as an alternative strategy to overcome vaginal candidiasis

Arumugam

Rajendran

2020

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Morphometric, elemental and biochemical characterisation of threeHaliclonaspecies (Demospongiae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Analysis of the Biomass Composition of the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia

Analysis of the Biomass Composition of the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia

Modelling sponge-symbiont metabolism

Callophycin A loaded chitosan and spicules based nanocomposites as an alternative strategy to overcome vaginal candidiasis

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